[Al-Quran 50:6-8] Have they not looked at the heaven above them - how We structured it and adorned it and how it has no rifts? And the earth - We spread it out and cast therein firmly set mountains and made grow therein [something] of every beautiful kind, Giving insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah].

Showing posts with label ancients. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ancients. Show all posts

Thursday, July 5, 2018

When the Earth Sways!

Warnings & Examples  
… Not (is) the command but for Allah. He has commanded that not you worship but Him Alone … [Q12:40] 

Abstract
Our world is facing catastrophic changes. Surah alMulk draws attention to the ability of the Earth to swallow up objects when cracks or holes open up on its exterior, and informs us that the Earth will begin to move/sway/quake. 

Full Text

أَأَمِنتُم مَّن فِي السَّمَاءِ أَن يَخْسِفَ بِكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فَإِذَا هِيَ تَمُورُ

Do you feel secure (from Him) Who (is) in the heaven not He will cause to swallow you the earth when it sways?
[Al-Quran 67:16]

Can you ever feel secure that He who is in heaven will not cause the earth to swallow you up when, lo and behold, it begins to quake?
[Al-Quran 67:16, Translation: Asad]

Do ye feel secure that He Who is in heaven will not cause you to be swallowed up by the earth when it shakes (as in an earthquake)?
[Al-Quran 67:16, Translation: Yusuf Ali]

Are you secure of those in the heaven that He should not make the earth to swallow you up? Then lo! it shall be in a state of commotion.
[Al-Quran 67:16, Translation: Shakir] 

Our world is facing catastrophic changes, the news of which is reaching us with increasing frequency, almost daily, from all over the world. Earthquakes are associated with volcanic activity, sinkholes and other phenomenon. Seismic activity is continuously going on in the Earth's interior.

Two key words in the ayat quoted above are: يَخْسِفَ and تَمُورُ . Looking up in The Quran:


يَخْسِفَ


Screenshot from corpus.quran.com
Surah alMulk draws attention to the ability of the Earth to swallow up objects when cracks or holes open up on its exterior. Q28:81 refers to an individual and his home which were swallowed up; while Q29:40 refers to entire cities being destroyed by earthquakes.

فَخَسَفْنَا بِهِ وَبِدَارِهِ الْأَرْضَ فَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِن فِئَةٍ يَنصُرُونَهُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُنتَصِرِينَ
Then We caused to swallow up, him and his home, the earth. Then not was for him any group (to) help him besides Allah, and not was (he) of those who (could) defend themselves.
[Al-Quran 28:81] 

فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنبِهِ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَغْرَقْنَا وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
So each We seized for his sin. Then of them (was he) who, We sent on him a violent storm, and of them (was he) who, seized him the awful cry and of them (was he) who, We caused to swallow him, the earth and of them (was he) who, We drowned. And not was Allah to wrong them but they were themselves doing wrong.
[Al-Quran 29:40] 

Historically, many earthquakes have occurred with devastating consequences, the ruins of which bear testimony to what the scriptures warn us about. Furthermore, there are many events happening in the world now, from major and minor earthquakes, to individual sinkholes opening up, swallowing up people, cars, homes, neighbourhoods! Many a cities are located on fault lines. Major rifts have opened up recently.
Links under References at the bottom of this post.    


تَمُورُ
Surah alMulk draws attention to a particular earthquake in the future:   
Screenshot from corpus.quran.com

Q52:9 informs us of the sky being in commotion, and Q67:16 informs us that the Earth will begin to move/sway/quake! Nobody knows when the final quake will happen, yet those alive still have time to repent from sins and seek forgiveness before the time is up.

Surah alMulk begins by informing us that the Kingdom is in the Hands of God who is able to do all things, and that death and life have been created to test who is the best in deeds. It goes on to inform us of how the heavens are being protected from the devils, and that a dreadful punishment has indeed prepared for the disbelievers. As discussed in other posts, Hell is brewing within the planet [1, 2, 3]. In spite of a lot of violent processes going on within it, our Earth is a relatively safe place. Q67:15 draws attention to it:

هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ ذَلُولًا فَامْشُوا فِي مَنَاكِبِهَا وَكُلُوا مِن رِّزْقِهِ وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُ
He (is) the One Who made for you the earth subservient, so walk in (the) paths thereof and eat of His provision, and to Him (is) the Resurrection.
 [Al-Quran 67:15] 

Surah alMulk concludes thus:

وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَٰذَا الْوَعْدُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ
قُلْ إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ زُلْفَةً سِيئَتْ وُجُوهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَقِيلَ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِ تَدَّعُونَ
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَهْلَكَنِيَ اللَّهُ وَمَن مَّعِيَ أَوْ رَحِمَنَا فَمَن يُجِيرُ الْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
قُلْ هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ آمَنَّا بِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ هُوَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ مَاؤُكُمْ غَوْرًا فَمَن يَأْتِيكُم بِمَاءٍ مَّعِينٍ

And they say, "When (is) this promise, if you are truthful?"
Say, "Only the knowledge (is) with Allah, and only I am a warner clear."
But when they (will) see it approaching, (will be) distressed (the) faces (of) those who disbelieved, and it will be said, "This (is) that which you used to for it call."
Say, "Have you seen, if destroys me Allah and whoever (is) with me or has mercy upon us, then who (can) protect the disbelievers from a punishment painful."
Say, "He (is) the Most Gracious; we believe in Him, and upon Him we put (our) trust. So you will know who (is) it (that is) in error clear."
Say, "Have you seen, if becomes your water sunken, then who could bring you water flowing?"
[Al-Quran 67:25-30]


Like Surah alMulk, Surah Hud also informs us:

وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًا وَلَئِن قُلْتَ إِنَّكُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ مِن بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ لَيَقُولَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ

And He (is) the One Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and His throne has been upon the water that He might test [you] which of you (is) best (in) deed. But if you say, "Indeed, you (will be) resurrected after [the] death," surely would say those who disbelieved, "This is not but a magic clear."
[Al-Quran 11:7]



Water plays a key role in the creation and government of God. We are largely composed of water. Initially, water was sent to the Earth, and the end days signs include when the seas boil and/or are set on fire. The dynamic combination of water with other processes plays an important role in sinkholes and earthquakes. Even moving ice cause glacial earthquakes!



The Quran repeatedly invites us to believe, repent and seek forgiveness from God. Surah alAn`am warns us:

هَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا قُلِ انتَظِرُوا إِنَّا مُنتَظِرُونَ

Are they waiting except that comes to them the Angels or comes your Lord or comes some (of) (the) Signs (of) your Lord? (The) Day (when) comes some (of) (the) Signs (of) your Lord, not will benefit a soul its faith, (if) it had not believed before or earned through its faith any good. Say, "Wait. Indeed, we (are) those who wait."
[Al-Quran 6:158] 

About the ancient civilisations whose ruins still dot the Earth, Surah Ghafir informs us:

فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا سُنَّتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْكَافِرُونَ

But did not benefit them their faith when they saw Our punishment. (Such is the) Way (of) Allah which (has) indeed preceded among His slaves. And are lost there the disbelievers. 
[Al-Quran 40:85]



References & Links

Earthquake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake

Earthquake Lists, Maps, and Statistics
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/

Seismic Monitor
https://ds.iris.edu/seismon/

Giant crack opens in East African Rift Valley
http://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/new-cracks-appear-in-east-african-rift-valley-6678/

Water distribution on Earth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_distribution_on_Earth

Glacial earthquake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_earthquake

Induced seismicity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_seismicity

Hydraulic fracturing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing

Earthquakes—Rattling the Earth’s Plumbing System

Sinkhole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole

Sinkholes
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/sinkhole/

What is a sinkhole?
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-are-sinkholes?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products

Why a Massive Sinkhole Tore Open in New Zealand
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/new-zealand-sinkholes-volcanic-fault-lines-science-spd/

Top 10 Biggest Sinkholes In The World
https://exploredia.com/top-10-biggest-sinkholes-in-the-world/

Recent sinkholes around the world - and what caused them

Huge sinkhole near World Cup stadium
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-27954163/huge-sinkhole-near-world-cup-stadium

Florida 'sinkhole' swallows car
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-29996605/florida-sinkhole-swallows-car-in-pasco-county

Huge sinkhole opens up in Naples
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-31594542/sinkhole-opens-up-in-naples-following-a-broken-water-pipe

Sinkhole swallows S Korean pedestrians

First up-close look at Bucks sinkhole 

What causes sinkholes?

New sinkholes open in Florida, Maryland, at White House

Images (licensed for reuse) 


Nepal Earthquake 2015
Attribution: By Krish Dulal [CC BY-SA 4.0  (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons
Good Friday Earthquake - Alaska 1964
Attribution: By A. Grantz. - http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20%20326&SIZE=large Web page includes photo descrption, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12206328
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Good_Friday_Earthquake#/media/File:1964_Alaska_Quake_L_Street_Slide.jpg 

Collapse sinkhole in karstified gypsum; near 25 m in diameter, some 25 m deep. Chinchón, Madrid, Spain. c.1991
Attribution: By Luis Fernández García [CC BY-SA 4.0  (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons

Dead Sea Sinkholes
Attribution: Neukoln [CC BY-SA 3.0  (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], from Wikimedia Commons

Rift in Iceland. North view along western wall.
Attribution: By Rjglewis [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons 
Retreat of the Helheim Glacier, Greenland
Attribution: By NASA [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons




Last updated on: July 6, 2018






Thursday, October 5, 2017

Iron Age

Abstract
The Quran states that Iron was made pliable for Prophet-King David. According to archaeological and scriptural sources, the time when iron became pliable approximately matches the period of his reign.   


Full Text
The following are some ayaat about Prophet-King David in the Quran:  

وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَّكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُم مِّن بَأْسِكُمْ فَهَلْ أَنتُمْ شَاكِرُونَ

And We taught him (the) making (of) coats of armor for you to protect you from your battle. Then will you (be) grateful? 
[Al-Quran, 21:80] 

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ مِنَّا فَضْلًا 
يَا جِبَالُ أَوِّبِي مَعَهُ وَالطَّيْرَ
 وَأَلَنَّا لَهُ الْحَدِيدَ أَنِ اعْمَلْ سَابِغَاتٍ وَقَدِّرْ فِي السَّرْدِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا
إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

And certainly, We gave Dawood from Us Bounty. 
"O mountains! Repeat praises with him, and the birds." 
And We made pliable for him [the] iron, That make full coats of mail and measure precisely [of] the links (of armor), and work righteousness. 
Indeed, I Am of what you do All-Seer. 
[Al-Quran, 34:10-11] 

يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ 
فَاحْكُم بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ

"O Dawood! Indeed, We [We] have made you a vicegerent in the earth, 
so judge between [the] men in truth and (do) not follow the desire, for it will lead you astray from (the) way (of) Allah. Indeed, those who go astray from (the) way (of) Allah, for them (is) a punishment severe because they forgot (the) Day (of) Account."
[Al-Quran 38:26] 

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ 
وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ 
وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ 
إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ

Certainly We sent Our Messengers with clear proofs and We sent down with them the Scripture and the Balance that may establish the people justice. 
And We sent down [the] iron, wherein (is) power mighty and benefits for the people, 
and so that Allah may make evident (he) who helps Him and His Messengers, unseen. 
Indeed, Allah (is) All-Strong All-Mighty. 
[Al-Quran 57:25] 

Prophet-King David was appointed ‘Khalifa’. Q34:11 describes the reason for making iron pliable as so that he is able to do  ‘waiAAmaloo salihan’.  Though almost all translators translate it as ‘work righteousness’, Q7:56 uses the same root for reform and contrasts it with corruption: 

وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَاحِهَا وَادْعُوهُ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا إِنَّ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ مِّنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
And (do) not cause corruption in the earth after its reformation. And call Him (in) fear and hope. Indeed, (the) Mercy of Allah (is) near for the good-doers.
[Al-Quran 7:56] 

As I understand it, all bani Adam have inherited the responsibility of being khalifas of the Earth, each given the task of reform as per those he/she has been made in charge of, be it just his/her family, or society, or on a national or international level. Especially, divinely ordained khalifas, prophets and messengers are given the task of major reforms, as per inspired divine guidance. Both Adam and David were divinely-ordained khalifas. As khalifa, David was charged with removing corruption and bringing in reforms internationally. This meant he had to declare war against corruption, thus the need for military might.      

According to archaeological and scriptural sources, the time when iron became pliable approximately matches the period of Prophet-King David's reign.    

Iron Age
According to Wikipedia:
The Iron Age is an archaeological era, referring to a period of time in the prehistory and protohistory of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) when the dominant toolmaking material was iron. It is commonly preceded by the Bronze Age in Europe and Asia and the Stone Age in Africa, with exceptions. Meteoric iron has been used by humans since at least 3200 BC. Ancient iron production did not become widespread until the ability to smelt iron ore, remove impurities and regulate the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed. The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BC and 600 BC, depending on the region.

King David

The Tel Dan Stele
The Tel Dan Stele, an inscribed stone erected by a king of Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate his victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase ביתדוד‎, bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David". Other scholars, such as Anson Rainey have challenged this reading, but it is likely that this is a reference to a dynasty of the Kingdom of Judah which traced its ancestry to a founder named David. The Mesha Stele from Moab, dating from approximately the same period, may also contain the name David in two places, although this is less certain than the mention in the Tel Dan inscription. 


The Tel Dan Stele on display at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem
By Oren Rozen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47055869  

Chronology
…
Many alternative chronologies have been suggested, and there is no ultimate consensus between the different factions and scholarly disciplines concerned with this period, as to when it began or when it ended.
Most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronology of Gershon Galil, all of which are shown below. …
Albright/Thiele dates
Galil dates
Common/Biblical name
Regnal Name and style
Notes
c. 1000–962
c. 1008–970
Dawidh ben Yishai, Melekh Ysra’el
Son-in-law of Saul, brother-in-law of Ish-boseth



Iron Implements of the Ancients
As regards the use of iron by the ancients, we read in Genesis about the descendants of Cain, in the eighth generation since Adam:
And Zillah, she also bore Tubal-cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of brass and iron; and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
[The Bible, Genesis 4:22]



Last updated on November 15, 2017