[Al-Quran 50:6-8] Have they not looked at the heaven above them - how We structured it and adorned it and how it has no rifts? And the earth - We spread it out and cast therein firmly set mountains and made grow therein [something] of every beautiful kind, Giving insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah].

Sunday, March 31, 2024

Creation Narrative & the Natural World

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اَلَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا وَصَدُّوۡا عَنۡ سَبِيۡلِ اللّٰهِ اَضَلَّ اَعۡمَالَهُمۡ‏  ١
Those who disbelieve and avert [people] from the way of Allāh - He will waste their deeds.
وَالَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ وَاٰمَنُوۡا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلٰى مُحَمَّدٍ وَّهُوَ الۡحَقُّ مِنۡ رَّبِّهِمۡ​ۙ كَفَّرَ عَنۡهُمۡ سَيِّاٰتِهِمۡ وَاَصۡلَحَ بَالَهُمۡ‏ ٢
And those who believe and do righteous deeds and believe in what has been sent down upon Muḥammad - and it is the truth from their Lord - He will remove from them their misdeeds and amend their condition.
ذٰ لِكَ بِاَنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا اتَّبَعُوا الۡبَاطِلَ وَاَنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوا اتَّبَعُوا الۡحَقَّ مِنۡ رَّبِّهِمۡ​ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يَضۡرِبُ اللّٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ اَمۡثَالَهُمۡ‏ ٣
That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, and those who believe follow the truth from their Lord. Thus does Allāh present to the people their comparisons.
[Al-Quran 47:1-3, Translation: Saheeh International]

Surah Muhammad emphasises that believing in The Quran that has been sent down upon Muhammad  ﷺ  is believing in the truth, as opposed to dismissing scriptural truths and following falsehood...  

There is a great difference between Quranic facts, and the beliefs of mythology and science. 

The Quran's creation narrative describes that the earth and the skies have been purposefully created by a Creator in six days. The moon and the sun, the evenings and the mornings, the graceful transition of the night into the day, and the day into the night, chasing each other rapidly, without overtaking, are all flawless systems created by the Creator. The day reveals the sun, while the night conceals it. 

According to The Torah, the night and day came into existence since the beginning of creation, on the first day, while the two great luminaries (sun and moon) were created on the fourth day, for determining time. 

The Earth was made before the sky, and then they were commanded to come together, and then separated. After the separation of the earth from the sky, and the layering of the sky into seven skies, the Creator rose upon the Throne, and  decreed to each sky its commands. 

Every living thing has been created from water. Water was sent to the Earth from the sky. 

Plants and animals in the natural world were purposefully designed and they emerge into existence at the time and place they are supposed emerge. Not a leaf falls without the Creator's knowledge. The forehead / forelock of each creature is in the grip of the Creator. Not a thing in the skies or earth is hidden from the Creator. 

The Creator is also our Sustainer. He feeds and nourishes our soul, and provides food, and everything, and everyone else we need and want. The Creator appoints our lineages and families. 

The Creator grants death and life. The life of this world is time-bound. Plants, animals, and humans, come into existence, grow, flourish, wilt and die. The Creator will resurrect when the time comes. 

The purpose of resurrection is reckoning, and the eventual eternal existence in either the Gardens of Eternity, or the Fires of Hell. 

Our souls and our guts are in pledge for our deeds.  


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Last updated on: April 6, 2024

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Night (لَيْلاً) and Day (نَهَاراً)

Creation & Resurrection  (DRAFT)

بدء الخليقة

1 فِي الْبَدْءِ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ، 2 وَإِذْ كَانَتِ الأَرْضُ مُشَوَّشَةً وَمُقْفِرَةً وَتَكْتَنِفُ الظُّلْمَةُ وَجْهَ الْمِيَاهِ، وَإِذْ كَانَ رُوحُ اللهِ يُرَفْرِفُ عَلَى سَطْحِ الْمِيَاهِ، 3 أَمَرَ اللهُ: «لِيَكُنْ نُورٌ». فَصَارَ نُورٌ، 4 وَرَأَى اللهُ النُّورَ فَاسْتَحْسَنَهُ وَفَصَلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الظَّلامِ. 5 وَسَمَّى اللهُ النُّورَ نَهَاراً، أَمَّا الظَّلامُ فَسَمَّاهُ لَيْلاً. وَهَكَذَا جَاءَ مَسَاءٌ أَعْقَبَهُ صَبَاحٌ، فَكَانَ الْيَوْمَ الأَوَّلَ.

6 ثُمَّ أَمَرَ اللهُ: «لِيَكُنْ جَلَدٌ يَحْجُزُ بَيْنَ مِيَاهٍ وَمِيَاهٍ». 7 فَخَلَقَ اللهُ الْجَلَدَ، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمِيَاهِ الَّتِي تَحْمِلُهَا السُّحُبُ وَالْمِيَاهِ الَّتِي تَغْمُرُ الأَرْضَ. وَهَكَذَا كَانَ. 8 وَسَمَّى اللهُ الْجَلَدَ سَمَاءً. ثُمَّ جَاءَ مَسَاءٌ أَعْقَبَهُ صَبَاحٌ فَكَانَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِي.

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.

6 And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” 7 So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day. 

[Genesis 1 1-8, Translation: NIV] 

In the Bible, at the beginning, on the first day, when Allah ﷻ began creating the skies and earth, there was darkness (الظُّلْمَةُ ) over the surface of the water on the Earth. Allah ﷻ commanded there to be a special kind of light called Nur (نُورٌ). We miss this in translations. Allah ﷻ named the Nur day (نَهَاراً), and He ﷻ named the darkness night (لَيْلاً). And that was the evening (مَسَاءٌ) and morning (صَبَاحٌ): the first day (الْيَوْمَ ). And He ﷻ continues the process of creation for six evenings and six mornings: the six days of creation. 

Then, according to The Quran, He ﷻ ascends His Throne, decrees His Laws, and starts governing His creation. 

The Jews and the Muslims count their days from sunset to sunset. That is the evening precedes the morning. 

We tend to confuse the light (نُورٌ) of the day (نَهَاراً) with the light of the Sun (ضِيَآءً), even though the greater and lesser lights / luminaries (Sun and Moon) were created on the fourth day of creation, to distinguish between the night and day, and to make calculations for time and for seasons. The Arabic translation of the Bible uses the word (أَنْوَارٌ) for these two lights. However, The Quran states that the Sun has been appointed as a (ضِيَآءً), and the moon as a (نُوۡرًا). 

[Q10:5] (...هُوَ الَّذِىۡ جَعَلَ الشَّمۡسَ ضِيَآءً وَّالۡقَمَرَ نُوۡرًا)   

The Quran also states that the sign of the night has been erased, or obscured. As studied in a previous post, if the moon is observed in its gamma radiation, it turns out to be the brightest object in the sky.   

[17:12] (... وَجَعَلۡنَا الَّيۡلَ وَالنَّهَارَ اٰيَتَيۡنِ​ فَمَحَوۡنَاۤ اٰيَةَ الَّيۡلِ وَجَعَلۡنَاۤ اٰيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبۡصِرَةً)


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So, the definition of night (لَيْلاً) is darkness. Also, night is characterised by the absence of the nur ( نُورٌ) of the day. 

In the Quran, Allah ﷻ is described as the Nur (Q24:35) of the skies and earth. To whom He ﷻ gives Nur, gets Nur, and from whom He ﷻ withholds Nur, no one else besides Him can provide Nur to that person (Q24:40). 

Regarding resurrection, the Earth is described as such: 

وَمَا قَدَرُوْا اللّٰهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهٖ ​ۖ وَالۡاَرۡضُ جَمِيۡعًا قَبۡضَتُهٗ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيٰمَةِ وَالسَّمٰوٰتُ مَطۡوِيّٰتٌۢ بِيَمِيۡنِهٖ​ ؕ سُبۡحٰنَهٗ وَتَعٰلٰى عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُوۡنَ‏ ٦٧

No just estimate have they made of Allah, such as is due to Him: On the Day of Judgment the whole of the earth will be but His handful, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand: Glory to Him! High is He above the Partners they attribute to Him!

وَنُفِخَ فِى الصُّوۡرِ فَصَعِقَ مَنۡ فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَمَنۡ فِى الۡاَرۡضِ اِلَّا مَنۡ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ​ ؕ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيۡهِ اُخۡرٰى فَاِذَا هُمۡ قِيَامٌ يَّنۡظُرُوۡنَ‏  ٦٨ وَاَشۡرَقَتِ الۡاَرۡضُ بِنُوۡرِ رَبِّهَا وَوُضِعَ الۡكِتٰبُ وَجِآىْ َٔ بِالنَّبِيّٖنَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ وَقُضِىَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ بِالۡحَقِّ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُوۡنَ‏ ٦٩ وَوُفِّيَتۡ كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتۡ وَهُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَفۡعَلُوۡنَ‏  ٧٠

The Trumpet will (just) be sounded, when all that are in the heavens and on earth will swoon, except such as it will please Allah (to exempt). Then will a second one be sounded, when, behold, they will be standing and looking on! And the Earth will shine with the Glory of its Lord: the Record (of Deeds) will be placed (open); the prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward and a just decision pronounced between them; and they will not be wronged (in the least). And to every soul will be paid in full (the fruit) of its Deeds; and (Allah) knoweth best all that they do.

[Al-Quran 39:67-70, Translation: A. Yusuf Ali]


Surah al-Zalzalah describes the Earth thus: 

اِذَا زُلۡزِلَتِ الۡاَرۡضُ زِلۡزَالَهَا ۙ‏ ١ وَاَخۡرَجَتِ الۡاَرۡضُ اَثۡقَالَهَا ۙ‏ ٢ وَقَالَ الۡاِنۡسَانُ مَا لَهَا​ ۚ‏ ٣ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ تُحَدِّثُ اَخۡبَارَهَا ۙ‏ ٤ 

بِاَنَّ رَبَّكَ اَوۡحٰى لَهَا ؕ‏ ٥ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ يَّصۡدُرُ النَّاسُ اَشۡتَاتًا  ۙ لِّيُرَوۡا اَعۡمَالَهُمۡؕ‏  ٦ فَمَنۡ يَّعۡمَلۡ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيۡرًا يَّرَهٗ ؕ‏ ٧ وَمَنۡ يَّعۡمَلۡ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَّرَهٗ‏ ٨

When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake And the earth discharges its burdens And man says, "What is [wrong] with it?" - That Day, it will report its news

Because your Lord has inspired [i.e., commanded] it. That Day, the people will depart separated [into categories] to be shown [the result of] their deeds. So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it. 

[Al-Quran 99:1-8, Translation: Saheeh International]

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Surah al-Zumar mentions the day and night, and follows it by describing our creation:

خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضَ بِالۡحَقِّ​ ۚ يُكَوِّرُ الَّيۡلَ عَلَى النَّهَارِ وَيُكَوِّرُ النَّهَارَ عَلَى الَّيۡلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمۡسَ وَالۡقَمَرَ​ؕ كُلٌّ يَّجۡرِىۡ لِاَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى​ؕ اَلَا هُوَ الۡعَزِيۡزُ الۡغَفَّارُ‏ ٥ 

خَلَقَكُمۡ مِّنۡ نَّفۡسٍ وَّاحِدَةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنۡهَا زَوۡجَهَا وَاَنۡزَلَ لَـكُمۡ مِّنَ الۡاَنۡعَامِ ثَمٰنِيَةَ اَزۡوَاجٍ​ ؕ يَخۡلُقُكُمۡ فِىۡ بُطُوۡنِ اُمَّهٰتِكُمۡ خَلۡقًا مِّنۡۢ بَعۡدِ خَلۡقٍ فِىۡ ظُلُمٰتٍ ثَلٰثٍ​ ؕ ذٰ لِكُمُ اللّٰهُ رَبُّكُمۡ لَهُ الۡمُلۡكُ​ ؕ لَاۤ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَ​ ۚ فَاَ نّٰى تُصۡرَفُوۡنَ‏ ٦

He created the heavens and earth in truth. He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. Unquestionably, He is the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver. 

He created you from one soul. Then He made from it its mate, and He produced for you from the grazing livestock eight mates. He creates you in the wombs of your mothers, creation after creation, within three darknesses. That is Allāh, your Lord; to Him belongs dominion. There is no deity except Him, so how are you averted?

[Al-Quran 39:5-6, Translation: Saheeh International]

The baby in the womb grows within three layers of darkness. The evening and morning twilight are also three zones or shades of darkness and light, overlapping and giving way to the successive shade, depending on whether it is dusk or dawn: 

Screenshots from https://www.timeanddate.com


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Gathering of the Night and its Darkness: 

وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مُخْبِرٌ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، كَانَ يَقُولُ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا فَاءَ الْفَىْءُ وَغَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ اجْتِمَاعُ اللَّيْلِ وَظُلْمَتُهُ ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik that Da'ud ibn al-Husayn said that someone had told him Abdullah ibn Abbas used to say, "Duluk ash-shams begins from when the sun passes the meridian. Ghasaq al-layl is the gathering of the night and its darkness."

Muwatta Malik

https://sunnah.com/malik/1/20

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Depths of Darknesses:

اَوۡ كَظُلُمٰتٍ فِىۡ بَحۡرٍ لُّـجّـِىٍّ يَّغۡشٰٮهُ مَوۡجٌ مِّنۡ فَوۡقِهٖ مَوۡجٌ مِّنۡ فَوۡقِهٖ سَحَابٌ​ؕ ظُلُمٰتٌۢ بَعۡضُهَا فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٍؕ اِذَاۤ اَخۡرَجَ يَدَهٗ لَمۡ يَكَدۡ يَرٰٮهَا​ؕ وَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَجۡعَلِ اللّٰهُ لَهٗ نُوۡرًا فَمَا لَهٗ مِنۡ نُّوۡرٍ‏ ٤٠

Or [they are] like darknesses within an unfathomable sea which is covered by waves, upon which are waves, over which are clouds - darknesses, some of them upon others. When one puts out his hand [therein], he can hardly see it. And he to whom Allāh has not granted light - for him there is no light.

[Al-Quran 24:40, Translation: Saheeh International]


According to Wikipedia [copied on April 19, 2024]:

The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of 200 m (660 ft) or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low temperatures, darkness, and high pressure. ..

Thanks to Allah that when He was creating the Earth, the first thing He did was bless it with Light (أَمَرَ اللهُ: «لِيَكُنْ نُورٌ». فَصَارَ نُورٌ), at a time when even the surface of the waters were in darkness: 

Screenshot of Arabic text from BibleGateway.com

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.

6 And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” 7 So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day. 

[Genesis 1 1-8, Translation: NIV] 



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Last updated on: April 19, 2024


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Saturday, March 30, 2024

When does night begin?

DRAFT

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اُحِلَّ لَـکُمۡ لَيۡلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ اِلٰى نِسَآٮِٕكُمۡ​ؕ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّـكُمۡ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ؕ عَلِمَ اللّٰهُ اَنَّکُمۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَخۡتَانُوۡنَ اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَعَفَا عَنۡكُمۡۚ فَالۡـــٰٔنَ بَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ وَابۡتَغُوۡا مَا کَتَبَ اللّٰهُ لَـكُمۡ وَكُلُوۡا وَاشۡرَبُوۡا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَـكُمُ الۡخَـيۡطُ الۡاَبۡيَضُ مِنَ الۡخَـيۡطِ الۡاَسۡوَدِ مِنَ الۡفَجۡرِ​ؕ ثُمَّ اَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ اِلَى الَّيۡلِ​ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ عٰكِفُوۡنَ فِى الۡمَسٰجِدِؕ تِلۡكَ حُدُوۡدُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَقۡرَبُوۡهَا ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ اٰيٰتِهٖ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُوۡنَ‏ ١٨٧

It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are a clothing for you and you are a clothing for them. Allāh knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allāh has decreed for you [i.e., offspring]. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the night [i.e., sunset]. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allāh, so do not approach them. Thus does Allāh make clear His verses [i.e., ordinances] to the people that they may become righteous.

[Al-Quran 2:187, Translation: Saheeh International]


The guidance to fast till night has led to a lot of debates over the centuries. Most people break their fast at sunset, while others break their fast a few minutes after sunset. The Quran, Surah al-Shams (the Sun) ayat 4 states that the night covers the Sun, so I take that to mean that night has already begun when the Sun has set: 

وَالَّيۡلِ اِذَا يَغۡشٰٮهَا ۙ‏ ٤

And [by] the night when it covers [i.e., conceals] it

[Al-Quran 91:4, Translation: Saheeh International]


Furthermore, this Hadith of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ inspires me to try to understand the concept of night from The Quran: 

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي سَفَرٍ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ ‏"‏ انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لِي ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الشَّمْسُ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لِي ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الشَّمْسُ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لِي ‏"‏‏.‏ فَنَزَلَ، فَجَدَحَ لَهُ، فَشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ رَمَى بِيَدِهِ هَا هُنَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ اللَّيْلَ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ هَا هُنَا فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ ‏"‏‏.‏ تَابَعَهُ جَرِيرٌ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي سَفَرٍ‏.‏

Narrated Ibn Abi `Aufa: We were in the company of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on a journey. He said to a man, "Get down and mix Sawiq (powdered barley) with water for me." The man said, "The sun (has not set yet), O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)." The Prophet (ﷺ) again said to him, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man again said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! The sun!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him (for the third time) "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man dismounted and mixed Sawiq with water for him. The Prophet (ﷺ) drank it and then beckoned with his hand (towards the East) and said, "When you see the night falling from this side, then a fasting person should break his fast."

Sahih al-Bukhari 1941

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1941


The Arabic text of the following ahadiths: 1954, 1955, 1956 also mention the Sun (الشَّمْسُ‏) but it is not mentioned in the English translation. Hadith 1958 does not mention the Arabic word (الشَّمْسُ‏). All these ahadiths (1941, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958) seem to be narrating the same incident. 

Fasting https://sunnah.com/bukhari/30


Consider the Arabic of Hadith 1957: 

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ لاَ يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The people will remain on the right path as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast."

Sahih al-Bukhari 1957

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1957

 

Hadith 1959 is about mistakenly breaking fast while the sun had not set, but was covered by a cloud. 

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1959


Also, consider this Hadith: 

حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ، سَمِعْتُ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِذَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ مِنْ هَا هُنَا، وَأَدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ مِنْ هَا هُنَا، وَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated `Umar bin Al-Khattab: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "When night falls from this side and the day vanishes from this side and the sun sets, then the fasting person should break his fast."

Sahih al-Bukhari 1954

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1954


To my mind, all of the above seem to imply that the night begins to enter the day as the sun sets, so the setting of the sun can be taken as clear evidence of the beginning of night (الَّيۡلِ). 


Some ayaat about the night:  

3:27 You cause the night to enter the day, and You cause the day to enter the night; and You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living. ...  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

3:190 Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding -  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

6:76 So when the night covered him [with darkness], he saw a star. He said, "This is my lord." But when it set, he said, "I like not those that set [i.e., disappear]." [— Translation by Saheeh International]

The ayat states that when night covered him, he saw a kaukabun (كَوۡكَبًا​ۚ) which means planet, not star; the arabic text doesn't say darkness, it is in brackets. The planet Venus, though visible at dawn (before sunrise) and at dusk (after sunset), has also been sighted before sunset: https://www.nightwise.org/single-post/venus-visible-before-sunset-now 

So, the definition of night does not necessarily imply sunset, even though it is a huge indicator. So, the night begins creeping before sunset? See the Timelapse video on this page: https://earthsky.org/space/when-can-you-see-earths-shadow/ 


6:96  the cleaver of daybreak and has made the night for rest and the sun and moon for calculation. ...  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

7:54 ... He covers the night with the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly ...  [— Translation by Saheeh International]


7:142 And We made an appointment with Moses for thirty nights and perfected them by [the addition of] ten; so the term of his Lord was completed as forty nights. ...  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

forty nights (no day? where Moses was, or in the local area, or worldwide), 

17:1 Exalted is He who took His Servant [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)] by night from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām to al-Masjid al-Aqṣā, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing.  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

night travel, 

15:65 So set out with your family during a portion of the night and follow behind them and let not anyone among you look back and continue on to where you are commanded."  [— Translation by Saheeh International]


10:6 Indeed, in the alternation of the night and the day and [in] what Allāh has created in the heavens and the earth are signs for a people who fear Allāh.  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

10:27 But they who have earned [blame for] evil doings - the recompense of an evil deed is its equivalent, and humiliation will cover them. They will have from Allāh no protector. It will be as if their faces are covered with pieces of the night - so dark [are they]. Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

13:3 And it is He who spread the earth and placed therein firmly set mountains and rivers; and from all of the fruits He made therein two mates; He causes the night to cover the day. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 


14:33 And He subjected for you the sun and the moon, continuous [in orbit], and subjected for you the night and the day.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

16:12 And He has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reason.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 


17:12 And We have made the night and day two signs, and We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible that you may seek bounty from your Lord and may know the number of years and the account [of time]. And everything We have set out in detail.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

17:78-79 Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night and [also] the Qur’ān [i.e., recitation] of dawn. Indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed. And from [part of] the night, pray with it [i.e., recitation of the Qur’ān] as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 


21:33 And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

21:42 Say, "Who can protect you at night or by day from the Most Merciful?" But they are, from the remembrance of their Lord, turning away.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

22:61 That is because Allāh causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and because Allāh is Hearing and Seeing.  [— Translation by Saheeh International]

23:80 And it is He who gives life and causes death, and His is the alternation of the night and the day. Then will you not reason?  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

24:44 Allāh alternates the night and the day. Indeed in that is a lesson for those who have vision.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

24:58 O ye who believe! let those whom your right hands possess, and the (children) among you who have not come of age ask your permission (before they come to your presence), on three occasions: before morning prayer; the while ye doff your clothes for the noonday heat; and after the late-night prayer: these are your three times of undress: outside those times it is not wrong for you or for them to move about attending to each other: Thus does Allah make clear the Signs to you: for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. [—Translation by A. Yusuf Ali] 

25:47 And it is He who has made the night for you as clothing and sleep [a means for] rest and has made the day a resurrection.  [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

25:62 And it is He who has made the night and the day in succession for whoever desires to remember or desires gratitude. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

25:64 And those who spend [part of] the night to their Lord prostrating and standing [in prayer] [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

27:86 Do they not see that We made the night that they may rest therein and the day giving sight? Indeed in that are signs for a people who believe. [— Translation by Saheeh International]  

28:71-73 Say, "Have you considered:1 if Allāh should make for you the night continuous until the Day of Resurrection, what deity other than Allāh could bring you light? Then will you not hear?" Say, "Have you considered: if Allāh should make for you the day continuous until the Day of Resurrection, what deity other than Allāh could bring you a night in which you may rest? Then will you not see?" And out of His mercy He made for you the night and the day that you may rest therein and [by day] seek from His bounty and [that] perhaps you will be grateful. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

30:23 And of His signs is your sleep by night and day and your seeking of His bounty. Indeed in that are signs for a people who listen. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

31:29 Do you not see [i.e., know] that Allāh causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allāh, of whatever you do, is Aware? [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

34:18 And We placed between them and the cities which We had blessed [many] visible cities. And We determined between them the [distances of] journey, [saying], "Travel between them by night or by day in safety." [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

35:13 He causes the night to enter the day, and He causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon - each running [its course] for a specified term. That is Allāh, your Lord; to Him belongs sovereignty. And those whom you invoke other than Him do not possess [as much as] the membrane of a date seed. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

36:37 And a sign for them is the night. We remove from it the [light of] day, so they are [left] in darkness.[— Translation by Saheeh International] 

36:40 It is not allowable [i.e., possible] for the sun to reach the moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but each, in an orbit, is swimming. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

39:5 He created the heavens and earth in truth. He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. Unquestionably, He is the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver. [— Translation by Saheeh International] 

39:9 Is one who is devoutly obedient during periods of the night, prostrating and standing [in prayer], fearing the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord, [like one who does not]? Say, "Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" Only they will remember [who are] people of understanding. 

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And Allah knows best.  





Day and Night World Map
Screenshots from https://www.timeanddate.com



Quran Links

Search results for night from corpus.quran.com

Translations from Quran.com 


Further Reading: 

Prayer & Remembrance of God Jun 28, 2018 

... that you may be well pleased! Aug 02, 2018

Gamma Rays, Visible Light & The Electromagnetic Spectrum Nov 28, 2018 

The Night: A Sign!  Dec 13, 2019 

When the Sun rose from the West Sep 18, 2021

Fabric of Spacetime May 26, 2022 

The Clothing that Covers May 28, 2022 

The Oath by The Afterglow of Sunset Dec 10, 2022 

Nur vs Zulm Feb 26, 2024 

Night (لَيْلاً) and Day (نَهَاراً) Mar 31, 2024 

Creation Narrative & the Natural World Mar 31, 2024 




Last updated on: April 8, 2024


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Thursday, March 28, 2024

The Arctic Ocean (عَيۡنٍ حَمِئَةٍ)

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حَتّٰٓى اِذَا بَلَغَ مَغۡرِبَ الشَّمۡسِ وَجَدَهَا تَغۡرُبُ فِىۡ عَيۡنٍ حَمِئَةٍ وَّوَجَدَ عِنۡدَهَا قَوۡمًا ؕ ​قُلۡنَا يٰذَا الۡقَرۡنَيۡنِ اِمَّاۤ اَنۡ تُعَذِّبَ وَاِمَّاۤ اَنۡ تَتَّخِذَ فِيۡهِمۡ حُسۡنًا‏ ٨٦

Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it set in a spring of murky water: Near it he found a People: We said: "O Zul-qarnain! (thou hast authority,) either to punish them, or to treat them with kindness."

[Al-Quran 18:86, Translation: A. Yusuf Ali]

As discussed in Dhu al Qarnayn visited the Polar Regions?, ayat 86 of Surah al-Kahf is uniquely describing the Arctic Ocean and the region around it. This post is focused on the two unique words that describe the ocean: a spring of murky water (عَيۡنٍ حَمِئَةٍ) 

عَيۡنٍ

The word  is variously translated as spring and eye, as can be seen in this search: 

[Screenshot of part of the search results from corpus.quran.com]

Now consider this map of the Arctic region: 

[Image downloaded from Marine Ecology: A Wonderland of Marine Activity in the Arctic Night]

Compare it with the image of an eye: 
[Screenshot from An Eye]

Both descriptions of the word عَيۡنٍ fit the Arctic region. 

To quote from Dhu al Qarnayn visited the Polar Regions?: 

What does the Sun appear to be disappearing in? 
‘ainin hamee-atin’ is variously translated as a well or warm spring, or spring with foul fetid mud [2], murky waters, dark mud, and so on [3].

There is no land at the North Pole. ‘The Arctic consists of ocean that is largely surrounded by land. As such, the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water, which can never have a temperature below −2 °C (28 °F).’ [4] 

The lands near the North Pole, in the Arctic Circle, are known for hot springs and geysers, with muddy water spewing out of some [5] [6] [7] [8]. However, such places are also there near the South Pole, though perhaps lesser in number or less discovered [10] [11] [12]. Therefore, hot springs and geysers may not be a uniquely distinguishing feature of the North Pole from the South Pole. Hence, I’m inclined to think that ‘ainin hamee-atin’ refers to the warm waters of the Arctic Ocean.  


حَمِئَةٍ

Going by Abdullah Yusuf Ali's translation:'murky water', the Arctic Ocean itself is fed by the world's largest rivers, and has melting ice making its water murky. 

    _Major rivers flowing into the Arctic [quote from Arctic Change on March 29, 2024]

The Arctic Ocean receives a large amount of fresh water from river runoff relative to its area, compared to other oceans. There are five major rivers that flow into the Arctic, the Mackenzie and Yukon in North America, and the three largest in Asia, the Ob, Yenisey and Lena Rivers.

    _Melting ice causing murky waters [quote from Melting Ice, Murky Waters: Understanding Arctic Ocean Changes on March 29, 2024]

the researchers found that while some locations received increased levels of sunlight due to the loss of ice, other locations received decreased levels of sunlight. They attribute this to increased murkiness in the water from river runoff resulting from the melting ice, as the rivers carry sediments and other land-based materials into the waters, thus blocking sunlight from reaching photosynthetic marine life on the shallow seafloor.

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The Unique Eclipse

DRAFT  

فَاِذَا بَرِقَ الۡبَصَرُۙ‏ ٧

But when sight is confounded

وَخَسَفَ الۡقَمَرُۙ‏ ٨ 

And the moon is eclipsed

وَجُمِعَ الشَّمۡسُ وَالۡقَمَرُۙ‏ ٩

And sun and moon are united,

[Al-Quran 75, Translation: Pickthal]

Surah al-Qiyamah describes a very unusual eclipse of the moon: on the Day of Resurrection, the Moon is not only eclipsed, but is also united with the Sun. That is, both the Sun and the Moon are on the same side of the Earth, and the Moon is eclipsed, and (then?) the Sun and Moon are united. 

That means that the Sun is eclipsing the Moon? Or is that lunar eclipse not due to the Sun coming in front of it? May be it means that the moon will no longer be radiant. It will stop being visible at all radiations, visible and invisible to the human eye. After all, the previous ayat is stating that the vision will be confounded / dazzled / something to do with lightning (Q75:7(فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ)).  

The above description cannot be understood with the current theories about the present and the future of the solar system and the relative placement of objects in it, and what eclipse means. Normally, the general scientific explanation for solar and lunar eclipse is as follows: 

[copied from Wikipedia page Eclipse on March 29, 2024]:

The term eclipse is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow.  


[copied from Wikipedia page Solar eclipse on March 29, 2024]:

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. 

[Screenshot from Wikipedia; Author attribution: By Sagredo - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3653837]  


[copied from Wikipedia page Lunar eclipse on March 29, 2024]:

A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened.[1] Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth's orbit.

This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned (in syzygy) with Earth between the other two, which can happen only on the night of a full moon when the Moon is near either lunar node. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.[citation needed]

[Screenshot from Wikipedia; Author attribution: By Sagredo - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3629491]

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خَسَفَ

Surah alQiyamah not only describes an unusual eclipse, which cannot be understood with current theories, but it also seems to redefine the meaning of an eclipse:

The root khā sīn fā (خ س ف) occurs eight times in the Quran, lending to the meanings of cave, swallow, darken. In Arabic, the word is also used for eclipse. So, several translations of Q75:8 state that the moon is eclipsed. Looking up the root words in Lane's Lexicon (pages 738-739), the impression this word lends in various usages is when something disappears back into the ground, whether its a house built upon it, or the water in a well, or the loss of light in an eclipse. Compare screenshots below.  

Screenshot from https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=xsf#(75:8:1)


Screenshot from Google search Arabic to English


Screenshot from https://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=75&verse=8


    


Screenshots from page 738 of Lane's Lexicon


The Quran states that the Moon has been appointed as a Nur. The following is an excerpt from Gamma Rays, Visible Light & The Electromagnetic Spectrum: 

نُورًا
The Quran uses the word نُور several times, and is variously translated as light which is reflected, lustrous, beautiful, enlightening. The root of this word is shared by the word نَارًا which means fire. We know that fire is produced in a process where heat energy is also generated along with the light. 

The moon is visible to humans, most nights of the month, through the sunlight it reflects. It waxes and wanes, and the phases of the moon are used by many calendar systems.

A full moon is the brightest object in the night sky. The Quran also informs us that Allah  ﷻ has made the moon a nur (جَعَلَ ... الْقَمَرَ نُورًا). However, Q17:12 informs us that the sign of the night has been erased or blotted out, that is made invisible to us. As mentioned above, the visible light is only a narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum. When the moon is viewed in other wavelengths, it is a wonderful spectacle. Especially,  in gamma rays of greater than 20 MeV, the moon is the brightest object in the sky, outshining everything else, while the sun cannot usually be even seen at these energies:   


The Moon is not the only source of high energy gamma ray emissions. There are other regions of the earth and sky emitting gamma rays as well. An intense celestial Gamma Ray Burst from within our own galaxy has also been recorded a day after the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004...

Terrestrial gamma ray flashes have energies up to 20 MeV (million electron volts). Gamma Rays are also known to be emitted by lightning discharges, in the range of 10-20 MeV. It has been estimated that several hundred terrestrial gamma ray flashes occur daily.

Gamma Ray Bursts are flashes of gamma rays. They are the most energetic and most luminous form of light in the Universe. Very-high energy gamma radiation, having photon energies from 100GeV to 100 TeV have been detected in emissions from astronomical sources. Scientists theorise the existence of Ultra-high energy gamma rays with photon energies higher than 100 TeV, however these have not been detected yet.

Moreover, there is a diffuse Cosmic Gamma Ray Background Radiation all around, such that, it is said that if we had gamma vision, there would be no dark place anywhere. The source of this radiation remains unidentified.

..


Some ahaadith on Eclipse (خَسَفَ) 

In the search results for eclipse in a Hadith collection, there are ahaadith about (خَسَفَ) and about (كَسَفَ), both generally translated as (eclipse). The following are a few ahaadith about (خَسَفَ):  

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، قَالَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَخَرَجَ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، وَثَابَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَانْجَلَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّهُمَا لاَ يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ، وَإِذَا كَانَ ذَاكَ فَصَلُّوا وَادْعُوا حَتَّى يُكْشَفَ مَا بِكُمْ ‏"‏‏.‏ وَذَاكَ أَنَّ ابْنًا لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَاتَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَاكَ‏.‏

Narrated Abu Bakra: In the lifetime of the Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (p.b.u.h) the sun eclipsed and he went out dragging his clothes till he reached the Mosque. The people gathered around him and he led them and offered two rak`at. When the sun (eclipse) cleared, he said, "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse because of the death of someone, and so when an eclipse occurs, pray and invoke Allah till the eclipse is over." It happened that a son of the Prophet (ﷺ) called Ibrahim died on that day and the people were talking about that (saying that the eclipse was caused by his death).

Sahih al-Bukhari 1063

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1063

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حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الأَعْلَى، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَامَ يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ مُسْتَعْجِلاً، حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ وَثَابَ النَّاسُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَجُلِّيَ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا وَقَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَصَلُّوا وَادْعُوا اللَّهَ حَتَّى يَكْشِفَهَا ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Bakra: The solar eclipse occurred while we were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) He got up dragging his garment (on the ground) hurriedly till he reached the mosque The people turned (to the mosque) and he offered a two-rak`at prayer whereupon the eclipse was over and he traced us and said, "The sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah, so if you see a thing like this (eclipse) then offer the prayer and invoke Allah till He remove that state."

Sahih al-Bukhari 5785

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:5785

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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ انْخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏ "‏ أُرِيتُ النَّارَ، فَلَمْ أَرَ مَنْظَرًا كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ أَفْظَعَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas: The sun eclipsed and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) offered the eclipse prayer and said, "I have been shown the Hellfire (now) and I never saw a worse and horrible sight than the sight I have seen today."

Sahih al-Bukhari 431

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:431

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حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، لاَ يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the Signs of Allah. They do not eclipse because of someone's death or life. So, if you see them (i.e. eclipse), celebrate the Praises of Allah (i.e. pray).

Sahih al-Bukhari 3202

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3202

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أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ جِدًّا ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ جِدًّا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ جِدًّا وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَأَطَالَ الرُّكُوعَ وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَفَرَغَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ وَقَدْ جُلِّيَ عَنِ الشَّمْسِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لاَ يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلُّوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ ‏"‏ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ أَغْيَرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَزْنِيَ عَبْدُهُ أَوْ أَمَتُهُ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلاً وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا ‏"‏ ‏.‏


It was narrated that Aishah said: "There was an eclipse of the sun during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He stood and prayed, standing for a very long time, then he bowed for a very long time. Then he stood up and (remained standing) for a very long time, but shorter than the first time. Then he bowed for a very long time, but shorter than the first time. Then he prostrated, then he raised his head and stood for a long time, but it was shorter than the first time. The he stood up and (remained standing) for a long time, but it was shorter than the first time. Then he prostrated, and when he finished his prayer, the eclipse had ended. He addressed the people and praised and glorified Allah, then he said: 'The sun and the moon do not become eclipsed for the death or birth of anyone. If you see that then pray, give in charity, and remember Allah, the Mighty and Sublime.' And he said: 'O Ummah of Muhammad! There is no one who is more jealous than Allah (SWT) when His male or female slave commits Zina. O Ummah of Muhammad, if you knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep much.'"

Sunan an-Nasa'i 1500

https://sunnah.com/nasai:1500

Surah AlNoor states the punishment for zina, gives guidelines for modesty of sight and clothing, and then describes Allah as the Noor of the skies and earth. The above Hadith mentions eclipse and zina together as if there is a relation between these two. 

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حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَرَّادٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَامَ فَزِعًا يَخْشَى أَنْ تَكُونَ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَامَ يُصَلِّي بِأَطْوَلِ قِيَامٍ وَرُكُوعٍ وَسُجُودٍ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ يَفْعَلُهُ فِي صَلاَةٍ قَطُّ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَاتِ الَّتِي يُرْسِلُ اللَّهُ لاَ تَكُونُ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُرْسِلُهَا يُخَوِّفُ بِهَا عِبَادَهُ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَافْزَعُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِهِ وَدُعَائِهِ وَاسْتِغْفَارِهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْعَلاَءِ كَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَقَالَ ‏"‏ يُخَوِّفُ عِبَادَهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Abu Musa reported: The sun eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He stood in great anxiety fearing that it might be the Doomsday, till he came to the mosque. He stood up to pray with prolonged qiyam, ruku', and prostration which I never saw him doing in prayer; and then he said: These are the signs which Allah sends, not on account of the death of anyone or life of any one, but Allah sends them to frighten thereby His servants. So when you see any such thing, hasten to remember Him, supplicate Him and beg pardon from Him, and in the narration transmitted by Ibn 'Ala the words are: " The sun eclipsed"."" He frightens His servants."

Sahih Muslim 912

https://sunnah.com/muslim:912

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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ عَمْرَةَ، حَدَّثَتْهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَرَجَ مَخْرَجًا فَخُسِفَ بِالشَّمْسِ فَخَرَجْنَا إِلَى الْحُجْرَةِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْنَا نِسَاءٌ وَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَذَلِكَ ضَحْوَةً فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَامَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ دُونَ رُكُوعِهِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ قَامَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَصَنَعَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنَّ قِيَامَهُ وَرُكُوعَهُ دُونَ الرَّكْعَةِ الأُولَى ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَتَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَعَدَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَقَالَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ ‏ "‏ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يُفْتَنُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ كَفِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ مُخْتَصَرٌ ‏.‏

'Aishah said: "The Prophet (ﷺ) went out and the sun became eclipsed. We went out to the apartment and some women gathered around us. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) turned to us, and that was at the time of the forenoon. He stood for a long time, then he bowed for a long time, then he raised his head and stood for a shorter time than the first, then he bowed for a shorter time than the first, then he prostrated. Then he stood up again and did the same, except that he stood and bowed for a shorter time than in the first rak'ah. Then he prostrated and the eclipse ended. When he had finished he sat on the minbar and among the things he said was: 'The people will be tried in their graves like the trial of the Dajjal.'"

Sunan an-Nasa'i 1499

https://sunnah.com/nasai:1499

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وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْقَمَرِ فَقَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ اسْتَعِيذِي بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذَا فَإِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ الْغَاسِقُ إِذا وَقب» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ


‘A’isha told of the Prophet looking at the moon and saying, “Seek refuge in God from the evil of this one, ‘A'isha, for this is the darkness when it overspreads.” 2 2. cf. Qur’an, cxiii, 3. The tradition is said to refer to the moon being eclipsed.

Tirmidhi transmitted it.

Mishkat al-Masabih 2475

https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2475

This English of this Hadith states that this refers to the moon being eclipsed, even though it does not state explicitly in the Arabic text. In fact it states he was looking at the moon. 

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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ انْخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً نَحْوًا مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً، وَهْوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً، وَهْوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً وَهْوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً، وَهْوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً، وَهْوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً، وَهْوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ، لاَ يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، رَأَيْنَاكَ تَنَاوَلْتَ شَيْئًا فِي مَقَامِكَ، ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَاكَ كَعْكَعْتَ‏.‏ قَالَ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْجَنَّةَ، فَتَنَاوَلْتُ عُنْقُودًا، وَلَوْ أَصَبْتُهُ لأَكَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأُرِيتُ النَّارَ، فَلَمْ أَرَ مَنْظَرًا كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ أَفْظَعَ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِهَا النِّسَاءَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالُوا بِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ‏"‏ بِكُفْرِهِنَّ ‏"‏‏.‏ قِيلَ يَكْفُرْنَ بِاللَّهِ قَالَ ‏"‏ يَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ، وَيَكْفُرْنَ الإِحْسَانَ، لَوْ أَحْسَنْتَ إِلَى إِحْدَاهُنَّ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ، ثُمَّ رَأَتْ مِنْكَ شَيْئًا قَالَتْ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْكَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas: The sun eclipsed in the lifetime of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) . Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) offered the eclipse prayer and stood for a long period equal to the period in which one could recite Surat-al-Baqara. Then he bowed for a long time and then stood up for a long period which was shorter than that of the first standing, then bowed again for a long time but for a shorter period than the first; then he prostrated twice and then stood up for a long period which was shorter than that of the first standing; then he bowed for a long time which was shorter than the previous one, and then he raised his head and stood up for a long period which was shorter than the first standing, then he bowed for a long time which was shorter than the first bowing, and then prostrated (twice) and finished the prayer. By then, the sun (eclipse) had cleared. The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, "The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah. They eclipse neither because of the death of somebody nor because of his life (i.e. birth). So when you see them, remember Allah." The people say, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We saw you taking something from your place and then we saw you retreating." The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "I saw Paradise and stretched my hands towards a bunch (of its fruits) and had I taken it, you would have eaten from it as long as the world remains. I also saw the Hell-fire and I had never seen such a horrible sight. I saw that most of the inhabitants were women." The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Why is it so?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "Because of their ungratefulness." It was asked whether they are ungrateful to Allah. The Prophet said, "They are ungrateful to their companions of life (husbands) and ungrateful to good deeds. If you are benevolent to one of them throughout the life and if she sees anything (undesirable) in you, she will say, 'I have never had any good from you.' "

Sahih al-Bukhari 1052

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1052

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وَحَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ، اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ لاَ يَخْسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلاَ لِحَيَاتِهِ وَلَكِنَّهُمَا آيَةٌ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمَا فَصَلُّوا ‏"‏ ‏.‏

'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed: Verily the sun and the moon do not eclipse on account of the death or life of anyone. They are in fact the signs among the signs of Allah. So when you see them, observe prayer.

Sahih Muslim 914

https://sunnah.com/muslim:914

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أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنُودِيَ الصَّلاَةُ جَامِعَةٌ فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ ‏‏.‏‏

It was narrated from Az-Zuhri, from 'Urwah, that: Aishah said: "The sun was eclipsed during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and it was called out: 'As-salatu jam'iah (prayer is about to begin in congregation).' So the people gathered and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led them in prayer, bowing four times in two rak'ahs and prostrating four times."

Sunan an-Nasa'i 1473

https://sunnah.com/nasai:1473

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أَخْبَرَنِي مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلاَّمٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَمَرَ فَنُودِيَ الصَّلاَةُ جَامِعَةٌ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَسَجْدَةً ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَسَجْدَةً ‏.‏ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَا رَكَعْتُ رُكُوعًا قَطُّ وَلاَ سَجَدْتُ سُجُودًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهُ ‏.‏ خَالَفَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حِمْيَرٍ ‏.‏

It was narrated that Abdullah bin 'Amr said: "The sun was eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), so he issued orders that the call be given: 'As-salatu jam'iah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led the people in prayer, bowing twice and prostrating twice. Then he stood and prayed, bowing twice and prostrating once. 'Aishah said: 'I never bowed or prostrated for so long as that.'"

Sunan an-Nasa'i 1479

https://sunnah.com/nasai:1479


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وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً جَاءَتْ تَسْأَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ أَعَاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ‏.‏ فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَيُعَذَّبُ النَّاسُ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَائِذًا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ مَرْكَبًا فَخَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَرَجَعَ ضُحًى فَمَرَّ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ الْحُجَرِ ثُمَّ قَامَ يُصَلِّي وَقَامَ النَّاسُ وَرَاءَهُ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَسَجَدَ ثُمَّ قَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَقَامَ قِيَامًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الْقِيَامِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكُوعًا طَوِيلاً وَهُوَ دُونَ الرُّكُوعِ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَتَعَوَّذُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from 'Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman from A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that a jewish woman came to beg from her and said, "May Allah give you refuge from the punishment of the grave." So A'isha asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Are people punished in their graves?", and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took refuge in Allah from that. Then one morning the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out on a journey and there was an eclipse of the sun, and he returned in the late morning and passed through his apartments. Then he stood and prayed, and the people stood behind him. He stood for a long time, and then went into ruku for a long time. Then he rose and stood for a long time, though less than the first time, and then went into ruku for a long time, though less than the first time. Then he rose, and went down into sajda. Then he stood for a long time, though less than the time before, and then went into ruku for a long time, though less than the time before. Then he rose and stood for a long time, though less than the time before, and then went into ruku for a long time, though less than the time before. Then he rose, and went down into sajda. When he had finished he said what Allah willed him to say, and then he told them to seek protection for themselves from the punishment of the grave."

Muwatta Malik

https://sunnah.com/malik/12/3

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أَخْبَرَنَا هِلاَلُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الأَسْوَدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ عِبَادٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ خُطْبَةً يَوْمًا لِسَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ فَذَكَرَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ حَدِيثًا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ سَمُرَةُ بْنُ جُنْدُبٍ بَيْنَا أَنَا يَوْمًا وَغُلاَمٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ نَرْمِي غَرَضَيْنِ لَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ قِيدَ رُمْحَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثَةٍ فِي عَيْنِ النَّاظِرِ مِنَ الأُفُقِ اسْوَدَّتْ فَقَالَ أَحَدُنَا لِصَاحِبِهِ انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَوَاللَّهِ لَيُحْدِثَنَّ شَأْنُ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي أُمَّتِهِ حَدَثًا - قَالَ - فَدَفَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ - قَالَ - فَوَافَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى النَّاسِ - قَالَ - فَاسْتَقْدَمَ فَصَلَّى فَقَامَ كَأَطْوَلِ قِيَامٍ قَامَ بِنَا فِي صَلاَةٍ قَطُّ مَا نَسْمَعُ لَهُ صَوْتًا ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بِنَا كَأَطْوَلِ رُكُوعٍ مَا رَكَعَ بِنَا فِي صَلاَةٍ قَطُّ مَا نَسْمَعُ لَهُ صَوْتًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ بِنَا كَأَطْوَلِ سُجُودٍ مَا سَجَدَ بِنَا فِي صَلاَةٍ قَطُّ لاَ نَسْمَعُ لَهُ صَوْتًا ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ - قَالَ - فَوَافَقَ تَجَلِّي الشَّمْسِ جُلُوسَهُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَسَلَّمَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَشَهِدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَشَهِدَ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ ‏.‏ مُخْتَصَرٌ ‏.‏

Tha'labah bin 'Abbad Al-'Abdi from the people of Al-Basrah narrated that: He attended a Khutbah one day that was delivered by Samurah bin Jundub. In his Khutbah he mentioned a hadith from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Samurah bin Jundub said: "One day a boy from among the Ansar and I were shooting at two targets of ours, during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), when the sun was at a height of two or three spears as it appears to one who is looking at the horizon. The sun turned black, and we said to one another, let us go to the masjid, for by Allah (SWT) this must herald some event concerning the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his ummah. We went to the masjid and we saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) coming out to the people. He went forward and prayed. He stood for the longest time that he had ever stood in any prayer in which he led us, but we did not hear him saying anything. Then he bowed for the longest time that he had ever bowed in any prayer in which he led us, but we did not hear him saying anything. Then he prostrated for the longest time that he had ever prostrated in any prayer in which he led us, but we did not hear him saying anything. The he did likewise in the second rak'ah. And the eclipse ended as he was sitting at the end of the second rak'ah. The he said the salam, then he praised and glorified Allah (SWT), and bore witness that there is none worthy of worship but Allah (SWT) and he bore witness that he was the slave and Messenger of Allah." Narrated in abridged form.

Sunan an-Nasa'i 1484

https://sunnah.com/nasai:1484

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حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ، قَالَتْ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَهِيَ تُصَلِّي فَقُلْتُ مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ يُصَلُّونَ فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقُلْتُ آيَةٌ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ ‏.‏ فَأَطَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْقِيَامَ جِدًّا حَتَّى تَجَلاَّنِي الْغَشْىُ فَأَخَذْتُ قِرْبَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ إِلَى جَنْبِي فَجَعَلْتُ أَصُبُّ عَلَى رَأْسِي أَوْ عَلَى وَجْهِي مِنَ الْمَاءِ - قَالَتْ - فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمْسُ فَخَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم النَّاسَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏ "‏ أَمَّا بَعْدُ مَا مِنْ شَىْءٍ لَمْ أَكُنْ رَأَيْتُهُ إِلاَّ قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَقَامِي هَذَا حَتَّى الْجَنَّةَ وَالنَّارَ وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَىَّ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي الْقُبُورِ قَرِيبًا أَوْ مِثْلَ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ - لاَ أَدْرِي أَىَّ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ - فَيُؤْتَى أَحَدُكُمْ فَيُقَالُ مَا عِلْمُكَ بِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ أَوِ الْمُوقِنُ - لاَ أَدْرِي أَىَّ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ - فَيَقُولُ هُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ جَاءَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَى فَأَجَبْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ‏.‏ ثَلاَثَ مِرَارٍ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ نَمْ قَدْ كُنَّا نَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَتُؤْمِنُ بِهِ فَنَمْ صَالِحًا وَأَمَّا الْمُنَافِقُ أَوِ الْمُرْتَابُ - لاَ أَدْرِي أَىَّ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ - فَيَقُولُ لاَ أَدْرِي سَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ شَيْئًا فَقُلْتُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Asma' reported: The sun eclipsed during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). As I went to 'A'isha who was busy in prayer. I said: What is the matter with the people that they are praying (a special prayer)? She ('A'isha) pointed towards the sky with her head. I said: Is it (an unusual) sign? She said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up for prayer for such a long time that I was about to faint. I caught hold of a waterskin lying by my side, and began to pour water over my head, or (began to sprinkle water) on my face. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then finished and the sun had brightened. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then addressed the people, (after) praising Allah and lauding Him, and then said: There was no such thing as I did not see earlier, but I saw it at this very place of mine. I ever saw Paradise and Hell. It was also revealed to me that you would be tried in the graves, as you would he tried something like the turmoil of the Dajjal. Asma' said: I do not know which word he actually used (qariban or mithl), and each one of you would be brought and it would be said: What is your knowledge about this man? If the person is a believer, (Asma' said: I do not know whether it was the word al-Mu'min or al-Mu'qin) he would say: He is Muhammad and he is the Messenger of Allah. He brought to us the clear signs and right guidance. So we responded and obeyed him. (He would repeat this three times), and it would be said to him: You should go to sleep. We already knew that you are a believer in him. So the pious man would go to sleep. So far as the hypocrite or sceptic is concerned (Asma' said: I do not know which word was that: al-Munafiq (hypocrite) or al-Murtad (doubtful) he would say: I do not know. I only uttered whatever I heard people say.

Sahih Muslim 905a

https://sunnah.com/muslim:905a



And Allah knows best. 



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Last updated on: April 14, 2024 


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