Al-Quran, 2:187
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْتَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُواوَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَىاللَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِلِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allah, so do not approach them. Thus does Allah make clear His ordinances to the people that they may become righteous.
[Arabic & translation from: https://www.searchtruth.com/chapter_display.php?chapter=2&translator=29&show_arabic=1]
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In the passage which enjoin fasting, Q2:183-188, The Quran ayat 187 describes the beginning of dawn as the separation of the white thread from the blackness of the night, as if the Day and Night is some kind of fabric.
Also, noteworthy is the term ‘becomes distinct to you’, as it is our limitation that we are able to see only in the narrow bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum. As mentioned in another post, if we could see in the gamma bandwidth, there would be no dark place, and everything would be visible.
The Quran elsewhere also describes darkness as pieces of night which cover … relevant ayat in the post The Night: A Sign!
The following is a pictorial representation of the difference between day, night, and the transition period:
Thus, as perceived by the many humans, there is the darkness of the night, and then there are the two transition zones known as twilight, and the visible day.
Dawn begins with the morning twilight when the thread of white becomes clearly distinct from the darkness of the night.
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Day & Night
The Quran repeatedly mentions day and night as two signs. The following table is a part of a much longer table which lists the ayaat where night (اللَّيْلِ) is mentioned:
| 2:164:7) al-layli | of the night | إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِوَالنَّهَارِ |
| (2:187:47) al-layli | the night | ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ |
| (2:274:4) bi-al-layli | by night | الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ |
| (3:27:2) al-layla | the night | تُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ |
| (3:27:8) al-layli | the night | وَتُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ |
| (3:113:12) al-layli | (of) the night | يَتْلُونَ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَهُمْ يَسْجُدُونَ |
| (3:190:7) al-layli | (of) the night | إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِوَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ |
| (6:13:5) al-layli | the night | وَلَهُ مَا سَكَنَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ |
| (6:60:4) bi-al-layli | by the night | وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ |
| (6:76:4) al-laylu | the night | فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأَىٰ كَوْكَبًا قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي |
| (6:96:4) al-layla | the night | فَالِقُ الْإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَنًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَانًا |
| (7:54:16) al-layla | the night | ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا |
| (10:6:4) al-layli | (of) the night | إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ |
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[Source: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=lyl#(2:164:7)]
The following is the beginning of the table listing day (النَّهَارِ). Evidently, day and night are paired, and day is generally mentioned alongside the night (اللَّيْلِ):
| (2:164:8) wal-nahāri | and the day | إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ |
| (2:274:5) wal-nahāri | and day | الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً |
| (3:27:4) l-nahāri | the day | تُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ |
| (3:27:6) l-nahāra | the day | وَتُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ |
| (3:72:13) l-nahāri | (of) the day | آمِنُوا بِالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَجْهَ النَّهَارِ |
| (3:190:8) wal-nahāri | and the day | إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ |
| (6:13:6) wal-nahāri | and the day | وَلَهُ مَا سَكَنَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ |
| (6:60:8) bil-nahāri | by the day | وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ |
| (7:54:17) l-nahāra | (with) the day | ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا |
| (10:6:5) wal-nahāri | and the day | إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ |
| (10:24:32) nahāran | (by) day | أَتَاهَا أَمْرُنَا لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا |
| (10:45:9) l-nahāri | the day | وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِيَتَعَارَفُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ |
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[Source: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nhr#(3:27:4)]
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The Sky: a ceiling
Al-Quran, Surah al-Baqarah
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22 الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ ۖ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَندَادًا وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ [He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling and sent down from the sky, rain and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not attribute to Allah equals while you know [that there is nothing similar to Him] |
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164 إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِن مَّاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason |
[Arabic & Translation: https://www.searchtruth.com/chapter_display.php?chapter=2&translator=29&show_arabic=1 ]
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According to Wikipedia, Spacetime, copied here on 26 May 2022:
In physics, spacetime is a mathematical model that combines the three dimensions of space and one dimension of time into a single four-dimensionalmanifold. Spacetime diagrams can be used to visualize relativistic effects, such as why different observers perceive differently where and when events occur. …
… In the context of special relativity, time cannot be separated from the three dimensions of space, because the observed rate at which time passes for an object depends on the object's velocity relative to the observer. General relativity also provides an explanation of how gravitational fields can slow the passage of time for an object as seen by an observer outside the field. …
… Mathematically, spacetime is a manifold, which is to say, it appears locally "flat" near each point in the same way that, at small enough scales, a globe appears flat.[5] …
End Quote
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Time
If Spacetime is a fabric, then logically time is a local phenomenon, which cannot be separated from the dimensions of space.
To help imagine how it might be, here’s a diagram from Wikipedia’s Spacetime page quoted above:
[Image Wikipedia commons link: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Observer_in_special_relativity.svg/480px-Observer_in_special_relativity.svg.png]
Allah has provided the phases of the moon to help us observe and keep count of the months and years. More on this at Wronging the Nafs -III (The Calendar) and The Case for The Lunar Calendar.
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The following is an excerpt from an earlier post: Creation:
Fabric of Space-Time
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