[Al-Quran 50:6-8] Have they not looked at the heaven above them - how We structured it and adorned it and how it has no rifts? And the earth - We spread it out and cast therein firmly set mountains and made grow therein [something] of every beautiful kind, Giving insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah].

Showing posts with label camphor. Show all posts
Showing posts with label camphor. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 10, 2017

Noah's Ark

Materials 

Abstract 
The Quran states that the Ship of Noah was made of planks and دُسُرٍ . The Torah also informs us of the materials used to build Noah's Ark. This concept explores what materials are meant by it. 


Full Text 

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
فَأَنجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ السَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ
And verily, We sent Nuh to his people, and he remained among them a thousand year(s), save fifty year(s), then seized them the flood, while they (were) wrongdoers. 
But We saved him and (the) people (of) the ship, and We made it a Sign for the worlds. 
[Al-Quran 29:14-15]

Both the Quran and the Torah mention the material which was used to build Noah's Ark: 

עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר קִנִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־הַתֵּבָ֑ה וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛הּ מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ בַּכֹּֽפֶר


وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَىٰ ذَاتِ أَلْوَاحٍ وَدُسُرٍ
[Al-Quran 54:13]
Al-Quran 54:13 Translations: 
Pickthall: And We carried him upon a thing of planks and nails, 
Yusuf Ali: But We bore him on an (Ark) made of broad planks and caulked with palm- fibre 
Shakir: And We bore him on that which was made of planks and nails
T.B.Irving: We transported him on something built with planks and caulking
Hamid S. Aziz: And We bore him on that (the Ark) which was made of planks and nails (or ties of palm-fibre) 
Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali: And We carried him upon (an Ark), well planked and well caulked, (Literally: comprising planks and caulks, with nails) 
Muhammad Sarwar: We carried him, (Noah), on a vessel built with boards fixed together with nails, 



أَلْوَاحٍ 
The triliteral root lām wāw ḥā (ل و ح) occurs six times in the Quran, once for Noah's Ark, thrice for the tablets on which the Ten Commandments were inscribed, and once for the Guarded Tablet in which The Quran is inscribed:


Screenshot from corpus.quran.com


In The Bible, the material with which Noah is directed to build the Ark with is also used just once, and as mentioned in the following excerpt:

Screenshot from biblehub.com 



دُسُرٍ
The triliteral root dāl sīn rā (د س ر) occurs only once in the Quran, as the noun dusur (دُسُر).


Screenshot from corpus.quran.com


Page 879




According to Wikipedia, Caulking: 
'Caulking is both the processes and material (also called sealant) to seal joints or seams in various structures and some types of piping. The oldest form of caulking is used to make the seams in wooden boats or ships watertight, by driving fibrous materials into the wedge-shaped seams between boards. A related process was formerly employed to join sections of cast iron sewerage pipe. 
Caulking is also the term to describe the process used to make riveted iron or steel ships and boilers watertight or steamtight. 
The same term also refers to the application of flexible sealing compounds to close up gaps in buildings and other structures against water, air, dust, insects, or as a component in firestopping. In the tunnelling industry, caulking refers to the sealing of joints in segmental precast concrete tunnels, commonly by using concrete.' 

Discussion
The Quran informs us that the ancients were far mightier. The ancient ruins testify to the Quran's claim. They seem to have used some very different technology, whereby their constructions needed neither mortar nor iron, yet their buildings are standing till this day. 

Iron was made pliable for Prophet-King David, who reigned several centuries after The Flood which destroyed the criminal civilisation to whom Noah was sent.   

Noah and other believers were saved in a water-borne vehicle, famously referred to as Noah's Ark. The Quran uses the word السَّفِينَةِ (ship) and informs us that the ship was made of something built with planks and دُسُرٍ . 

Genesis 6:14, quoted above, mentions Gopher Wood (an unidentified tree) and Kopher, which is generally translated by both Jewish and Christian sources as 'pitch'. At least two sources [Gill's Exposition || John Hinton] mention it might be the Arabic kafura or camphor.  

According to Wikipedia, Pitch: 
'Pitch is a name for any of a number of viscoelastic polymers. Pitch can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar or plants. Various forms of pitch may also be called tar, bitumen or asphalt. Pitch produced from plants is also known as resin. Some products made from plant resin are also known as rosin. 
Pitch was traditionally used to help caulk the seams of wooden sailing vessels (see shipbuilding). Pitch may also be used to waterproof wooden containers and in the making of torches...'

Various searches and claims have been made about the existence of Noah's Ark, though none have been proven yet. Knowledge of the correct materials, dimensions and location of the ark/ship would help identify it when the time comes. The Quran informs us that it rested on the Judi:

وَقِيلَ يَا أَرْضُ ابْلَعِي مَاءَكِ وَيَا سَمَاءُ أَقْلِعِي وَغِيضَ الْمَاءُ وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَاسْتَوَتْ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ
وَقِيلَ بُعْدًا لِّلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ 
And it was said, "O earth! Swallow your water, and O sky! Withhold." And subsided the water, and was fulfilled the Command. And it rested on the Judi.
And it was said, "Away with the people the wrongdoers." 
[Al-Quran 11:44]

Conclusion
From the translations, dictionary, lexicon and other references mentioned above, one can assume that planks of gopher wood were fastened together and made waterproof with some plant-based material called kopher.       


Last updated on September 28, 2019

Friday, September 26, 2014

Bliss & Realm Magnificent

Related posts:

Many verses throughout the Qur’an describe various aspects of the Garden promised to those who believe and do good deeds. Surah 76 of the Qur’an begins with evolutionary insignificance (76:1), origin and purpose of the human (76:2), divine guidance (76:3), punishment for rejection (76:4), and then goes on to describe some very specific features of the promised reward, which represent the best of the best of those found on Earth. Then, verse 22 states that: 

76:22 إِنَّ هَـٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمْ جَزَاءً وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُم مَّشْكُورًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:22, translator: Sahih International] [And it will be said], "Indeed, this is for you a reward, and your effort has been appreciated.”  

Verses 7-10 define the efforts of these people: 
[Al-Qur’an 76:7-10, translator: Sahih International] They [are those who] fulfill [their] vows and fear a Day whose evil will be widespread. And they give food in spite of love for it to the needy, the orphan, and the captive, [Saying], "We feed you only for the countenance of Allah. We wish not from you reward or gratitude. Indeed, We fear from our Lord a Day austere and distressful.”

Thus, according to the above: 
1) they keep their word 
2) fear the evil of the austere and distressful Day  
3) fulfil the most basic need of others: i.e. hunger 

In turn, verses 5,6 and 11-21 mention the rewards:
1) implying that Allah will keep His word
2) protect and deliver from the evil of the austere and distressful Day 
3) fulfil the most basic needs with excellent rewards

Properties of the rewards mentioned

It appears to me that there are two stages of rewards mentioned: the first which will protect from the evil and horrific consequences of the Day [of Resurrection, Judgement, Sorting and Retribution], and the second stage begins upon entering the promised Garden. It is interesting to note the specific properties of the rewards and to wonder about their relevance and significance.  

Cup mixed with Kafur 

إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِن كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ اللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَهَا تَفْجِيرًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:5-6, translator: Yusuf Ali] As to the Righteous, they shall drink of a Cup mixed with Kafur,- A Fountain where the Devotees of Allah do drink, making it flow in unstinted abundance. 

According to Lane’s Lexicon, Kafur may mean 
1) the spathe or envelope or upper covering thereof of a palm tree 
2) the leaves which cover what is within the raceme of the grapevine or the calyx of the grapes before the blossom comes forth 
3) the envelope [or calyx] of any plant 
4) camphor; a kind of perfume, well known from certain trees… 
5) a mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe [kafur] of the spadix of the palm tree 
6) a certain spring, or fountain, in paradise 

Camphor & Calyx Health Benefits
‘Camphor is a white crystalline substance, obtained from the tree C. camphora. Camphor has been used for many centuries as a culinary spice, a component of incense, and as a medicine. It is also an insect repellent and a flea-killing substance.’ 

‘The health benefits of camphor essential oil include it properties as a stimulant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, decongestant, anesthetic, sedative and nervous pacifier, antineuralgic, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, and insecticide substance.’ 

‘Camphor is UNSAFE when taken by mouth by adults or children. Ingesting camphor can cause severe side effects, including death.’ 

Calyx of certain plants, such as Hibiscus and Persimmon, are used for their health benefits in traditional medicine. 

Cup Mythology
‘The Rose and the Grail share many spiritual resonances. The word ‘chalice’ comes from the Latin word, calyx, which means cup, and is the name given to the cup-like sepals of a flower which support the petals. Both these symbols suggest the receptive vessel of the soul, opening to receive the in-pouring of Divine influence… Not surprisingly, the rose has long been recognised as the western equivalent of the eastern lotus as a symbol of the unfolding of higher consciousness.’

‘A krater (in Greek: κρατήρ, kratēr, from the verb κεράννυμι, keránnymi, "to mix") is a large vase used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece. Calyx krater are among the largest of the kraters, the lower body of which is shaped like the calyx of a flower.’ 

Interpretation
Verse 76:5 states that ‘As to the Righteous, they shall drink of a Cup mixed with Kafur,’ and the  following verse 76:6 states that ‘A Fountain where the Devotees of Allah do drink, making it flow in unstinted abundance.’ As camphor is unsafe for consumption by our mortal bodies, perhaps the resurrected bodies will have the ability to utilize camphor internally. If not, then perhaps, either the kafur (camphor) is in the material of the cup, not the drink, or kafur is the edible calyx of other plants. However, verses 76:17-18 also speak of a Cup mixed with another substance, and also mention the name of that fountain. Hence, it appears more likely that the substance is mixed in the drink which has beneficial effects, rather than the cup. 

All of the above considered, be it camphor, calyx or holy grail, the drink is mentioned because of its significant soothing, healing and protective effect on the person who drinks it, protecting physically and mentally from the terror and anguish all around.  

Light of Beauty and Joy

فَوَقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَ‌ٰلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً وَسُرُورًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:11, translator: Yusuf Ali] But Allah will deliver them from the evil of that Day, and will shed over them a Light of Beauty and (blissful) Joy. 
[Al-Qur’an 76:11, translator: Pickthal] Therefor Allah hath warded off from them the evil of that day, and hath made them find brightness and joy; 

Deliver from the Evil 
About the Day, it is mentioned in Surah Al-Maryam: 
[Al-Qur’an 19:68-72, translator: Sahih International] So by your Lord, We will surely gather them and the devils; then We will bring them to be present around Hell upon their knees. Then We will surely extract from every sect those of them who were worst against the Most Merciful in insolence. Then, surely it is We who are most knowing of those most worthy of burning therein. And there is none of you except he will come to it. This is upon your Lord an inevitability decreed. Then We will save those who feared Allah and leave the wrongdoers within it, on their knees. 

Grant a Light and Joy 
[Al-Qur’an 66:8, translator: Sahih International] O you who have believed, repent to Allah with sincere repentance. Perhaps your Lord will remove from you your misdeeds and admit you into gardens beneath which rivers flow [on] the Day when Allah will not disgrace the Prophet and those who believed with him. Their light will proceed before them and on their right; they will say, "Our Lord, perfect for us our light and forgive us. Indeed, You are over all things competent.” 

[Al-Qur’an 57:12-13, translator: Sahih International] On the Day you see the believing men and believing women, their light proceeding before them and on their right, [it will be said], "Your good tidings today are [of] gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein you will abide eternally." That is what is the great attainment. On the [same] Day the hypocrite men and hypocrite women will say to those who believed, "Wait for us that we may acquire some of your light." It will be said, "Go back behind you and seek light." And a wall will be placed between them with a door, its interior containing mercy, but on the outside of it is torment. 

Interpretation  
The ‘abraar’ relieved/healed, after drinking from a Cup mixed with kafur, will be given the light (noor) and a safe corridor which they need to travel towards the promised garden. 

Garden & Silk 

وَجَزَاهُم بِمَا صَبَرُوا جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:12, translator: Yusuf Ali] And because they were patient and constant, He will reward them with a Garden and (garments of) silk. 

Garden 
The word garden indicates a planned, cultivated and fertile land.  

Silk 
Silk is a natural fibre, and the textile woven from it is well known for its luxury, beauty and comfort. It is cool in summers and warm in winters. Silk is also known for its tensile strength.

Interpretation  
Garden and silk indicate a detailed planning for luxurious comfort and delight. They also indicate diverse flora and fauna, an ecosystem. 

In the above verse, it is described as the reward; at other places in the Quran, it is stated that the Garden will be given as inheritance (7:43, 21:105, 23:11, 39:74, 43:72). That implies ownership, and consequently a much greater role and responsibility than simply being guests in the Garden. 


Recliners, Shades and Fruits within Reach 

مُّتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ ۖ لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا
وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:13-14, translator: Arberry] therein they shall recline upon couches, therein they shall see neither sun nor bitter cold; And the shade thereof is close upon them, and the bunches of fruit thereof will hang low within their reach.

Interpretation  
The verse speaks not of absence of a sun (source of heat and light), but rather it states that they will not be able to see the sun. It takes many years to grow tall trees which provide extensive shades. This again indicates the lengthy preparation involved in preparing the exotic shade garden. Planned spaces such as gardens have many delightful features and include vantage points to sit and enjoy the beauty. Trees laden with fruits also indicate long-term planning, preparation and effort. The world is already sampling miniature trees and exotic designer fruit. 

Also, noteworthy is the fact that science links direct sunlight with ageing. The Gardens of Eternity hold the promise of a wonderful immortal life, free of any suffering. The absence of direct sunlight should then be an essential condition for well-being in the Gardens.  

Goblets of Transparent Silver

وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِم بِآنِيَةٍ مِّن فِضَّةٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَا
قَوَارِيرَ مِن فِضَّةٍ قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًا

[Al-Qur’an 76:15-16, translator: Shakir] And there shall be made to go round about them vessels of silver and goblets which are of glass, (Transparent as) glass, made of silver; they have measured them according to a measure. 

Silver has been traditionally used since antiquity as crockery and cutlery. Royalty used it for security against poisoned food, as silver tarnishes upon contact with some poisons. Modern research has established the potency of silver as the only agent known to destroy all bacteria, viruses and fungi. Research is ongoing, and safety of silver usage in food and as medicine is being debated. Transparent silver nano wires are being used in electronic devices. Silver is being advocated as the ideal material for a range of applications. Transparent silver crockery may not be far behind.    

Mixed with Zanjabil 

وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنجَبِيلًا
عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّىٰ سَلْسَبِيلًا 
[Al-Qur’an 76:17-18, translator: Mohsin Khan] And they will be given to drink there of a cup (of wine) mixed with Zanjabil (ginger), A spring there, called Salsabil. 

Ginger 
Ginger is used both as a spice as well as for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Historic usage and modern research about the therapeutic effects of ginger are well-established. 

Interpretation
The above verse, read together with 76:21, informs us that the drink will be pure and cleansing (see below). Quran 56:19 describes the drink as non-intoxicating. 

Perpetually Youthful

وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُّخَلَّدُونَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ حَسِبْتَهُمْ لُؤْلُؤًا مَّنثُورًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:19, translator: Yusuf Ali] And round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness): If thou seest them, thou wouldst think them scattered Pearls. 
[Al-Qur’an 76:19, translator: Pickthal] There wait on them immortal youths, whom, when thou seest, thou wouldst take for scattered pearls. 
[Al-Qur’an 76:19, translator: A Monotheist Translation] And they are encircled with eternal children. If you see them you will think they are pearls which have been scattered about.

Interpretation
Most translators seem to favour the role of the perpetual youths to that of serving drinks to the inheritors of the Gardens. I think it completes the picture of a royal banquet. 

If the Monotheist Translation’s interpretation is considered, then the following seems more plausible: Children add joy and merriment to life. A family’s joy is incomplete without children. As there is much emphasis on the family, with repeated mention of  the righteous being re-united with the righteous members of their family in the Hereafter, and these verses are mentioning the joys and delights of the garden, Perhaps it’ll be children who’ll be completing the picture of a joyous and delightful ‘picnic in the garden’.  

Bliss & Realm Magnificent 

وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًا وَمُلْكًا كَبِيرًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:20, translator: Yusuf Ali] And when thou lookest, it is there thou wilt see a Bliss and a Realm Magnificent. 
[Al-Qur’an 76:20, translator: A Monotheist Translation] And if you look, then you will see a blessing and a great dominion


Fine Green Silk and Heavy Brocade; Silver bracelets; Purifying Drink

عَالِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضْرٌ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٌ ۖ وَحُلُّوا أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٍ وَسَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ شَرَابًا طَهُورًا
[Al-Qur’an 76:21, translator: Pickthal] Their raiment will be fine green silk and gold embroidery. Bracelets of silver will they wear. Their Lord will slake their thirst with a pure drink.  
[Al-Qur’an 76:21, translator: A Monotheist Translation] They will have garments of fine green silk, and necklaces and bracelets from silver, and their Lord will give them a cleansing drink. 

Conclusion

The reward comprises of the finest and most delightful of what we can imagine or comprehend. The best on Earth for health, comfort and delight are mentioned, and more, as stated in the following verse: 
[Al-Qur’an 32:17, translator: Sahih International] And no soul knows what has been hidden for them of comfort for eyes as reward for what they used to do.



Last updated on: November 7, 2016