[Al-Quran 50:6-8] Have they not looked at the heaven above them - how We structured it and adorned it and how it has no rifts? And the earth - We spread it out and cast therein firmly set mountains and made grow therein [something] of every beautiful kind, Giving insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah].

Showing posts with label Torah. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Torah. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 19, 2025

The Example of The Donkey

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اَوۡ كَالَّذِىۡ مَرَّ عَلٰى قَرۡيَةٍ وَّ هِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلٰى عُرُوۡشِهَا ​ۚ قَالَ اَنّٰى يُحۡىٖ هٰذِهِ اللّٰهُ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَا ​ۚ فَاَمَاتَهُ اللّٰهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهٗ ​ؕ قَالَ كَمۡ لَبِثۡتَ​ؕ قَالَ لَبِثۡتُ يَوۡمًا اَوۡ بَعۡضَ يَوۡمٍ​ؕ قَالَ بَلۡ لَّبِثۡتَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ فَانۡظُرۡ اِلٰى طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمۡ يَتَسَنَّهۡ​ۚ وَانْظُرۡ اِلٰى حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجۡعَلَكَ اٰيَةً لِّلنَّاسِ​ وَانْظُرۡ اِلَى الۡعِظَامِ كَيۡفَ نُـنۡشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكۡسُوۡهَا لَحۡمًا ​ؕ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهٗ ۙ قَالَ اَعۡلَمُ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلٰى كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ قَدِيۡرٌ‏ ٢٥٩

Or take the one who passed by a ruined town. He said, ‘How will God give this life when it has died?’ So God made him die for a hundred years, and then raised him up, saying, ‘How long did you stay like that?’ He answered, ‘A day, or part of a day.’ God said, ‘No, you stayed like that for a hundred years. Look at your food and drink: they have not gone bad. Look at your donkey- We will make you a sign for the people- look at the bones: see how We bring them together and clothe them with flesh!’ When all became clear to him, he said, ‘Now I know that God has power over everything.’

[Al-Quran 2:259, Translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem]

This man was not only shown a sign, privately, but the ayah also states that: '... Look at your donkey- We will make you a sign for the people- look at the bones: see how We bring them together and clothe them with flesh! ...'

...

وَّالۡخَـيۡلَ وَالۡبِغَالَ وَالۡحَمِيۡرَ لِتَرۡكَبُوۡهَا وَزِيۡنَةً​ ؕ وَيَخۡلُقُ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ‏ ٨

And (He created) horses, mules and donkeys, so that you may ride on them, and they may give you a good look. And He creates what you do not know (as yet).

[Al-Quran 16:8, Translation: T. Usmani]

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى has provided us with countless comforts and beauty. Among them are donkeys. 

...

...

وَاقۡصِدۡ فِىۡ مَشۡيِكَ وَاغۡضُضۡ مِنۡ صَوۡتِكَ​ؕ اِنَّ اَنۡكَرَ الۡاَصۡوَاتِ لَصَوۡتُ الۡحَمِيۡرِ‏ ١٩

اپنی رفتار میں میانہ روی اختیار کر، اور اپنی آواز پست کر یقیناً آوازوں میں سب سے بدتر آواز گدھوں کی آواز ہے

[Al-Quran 31:19, Translation: Maulana Muhammad Junagarhi]

In Surah Luqman, the famous physician of antiquity, is advising his son. Among the advices is the lowering of voice. He compares loud voices to the sound that donkeys make. Both human screams and donkey brays are in the range of 80 decibels or more. 


......

مَثَلُ الَّذِيۡنَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوۡرٰٮةَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَحۡمِلُوۡهَا كَمَثَلِ الۡحِمَارِ يَحۡمِلُ اَسۡفَارًا​ ؕ بِئۡسَ مَثَلُ الۡقَوۡمِ الَّذِيۡنَ كَذَّبُوۡا بِاٰيٰتِ اللّٰهِ ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ لَا يَهۡدِى الۡقَوۡمَ الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ‏ ٥

جن لوگوں کو توراة کا حامل بنایا گیا تھا مگر انہوں نے اس کا بار نہ اُٹھایا، اُن کی مثال اُس گدھے کی سی ہے جس پر کتابیں لدی ہوئی ہوں۔ اِس سے بھی زیادہ بُری مثال ہےاُن لوگوں کی جنہوں نے اللہ کی آیات کو جُھٹلا دیا ہے۔ ایسے ظالموں کو اللہ ہدایت نہیں دیا کرتا

[Al-Quran 62:5, Translation: Tafheem e Qur'an - Syed Abu Ali Maududi]

The Bani Israel are under a ratified a covenant with Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى to observe its commandments, to live by it, and to make it known to all people and nations. Those who fail to carry the load of The Torah are being compared to donkeys who carry loads of books, but do not know or understand what is in it.  

Even worse is the example of the people who deny the signs of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى . 

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى does not guide such who are prone to darkness (الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ).  


......

كَاَنَّهُمۡ حُمُرٌ مُّسۡتَنۡفِرَةٌ ۙ‏ ٥٠

گویا وہ بدکے ہوئے جنگلی گدھے ہیں۔

[Al-Quran 74:50, Translation: (بیان القرآن (ڈاکٹر اسرار احمد)]

Surah alMudaaththir compares people who turn away from their reminder (The Scriptures) to frightened donkeys. It is typical of scared donkeys to move away a short distance before turning back to face it. We have a limited lifespan to harken to the Reminder before the certainty of death overtakes us, and we can no longer benefit from it.  


......

اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ اَنۡزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً ​ۚ فَاَخۡرَجۡنَا بِهٖ ثَمَرٰتٍ مُّخۡتَلِفًا اَلۡوَانُهَاؕ وَمِنَ الۡجِبَالِ جُدَدٌۢ بِيۡضٌ وَّحُمۡرٌ مُّخۡتَلِفٌ اَلۡوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيۡبُ سُوۡدٌ‏ ٢٧

Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky with which We bring forth fruits of different colours? And in the mountains are streaks of varying shades of white, red, and raven black;

[Al-Quran 35:27, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]


In all instances of the triliteral root ḥā mīm rā (ح م ر), we find the word translated as donkey, except in Surah Fatir, where it is translated as the colour 'red'. Yes, the arabic word for the colour 'red' is 'أحمر' , which shares the same root. Considering that:

  1. this ayah occurs in Surah Fatir, which literally means 'Separator' 
  2. the first ayah mentions Allah as the Fatir (separator) of Skies and Earth
  3. ayah 27 mentions the sending of water from the sky to the earth to bring forth fruits of different colours
  4. then ayah 27 mentions mountains 
  5. then white, then حُمۡرٌ of varying colours, and then black 
  6. the next ayah draws attentions to the varying colours of humans, moving creatures, and cattle  

The donkey is an ideal animal for use in rugged terrains. They can carry loads, their legs are well-suited to rocky terrains, they need less food than horses, and so on. They are low-maintenance creatures. They also seem to have intelligence about danger, which makes them more suited for difficult terrains. Donkeys come in all shades. 

Is The Quran informing us of the origin of donkeys: that they have been created from mountains (وَمِنَ الۡجِبَالِ)? 



Thursday, May 6, 2021

Seventy Men & The Torah in Seventy Languages

Abstract 

The Quran mentions that Moses (Musa عليه السلام) chose seventy men from his people for The Appointment, after he had received the Tablets on which were inscribed guidance and mercy. It also reminds them about the covenant they ratified with Allah.

At the time of Moses (Musa عليه السلام), there existed seventy primary languages, of seventy nations, in the world. 

At the appointment with the seventy men, when Moses (Musa عليه السلام) prayed for mercy (Q7:155-156), these ayat recount the answer Allah gave him: ... 

In Devarim - Deuteronomy 18, Moses (Musa عليه السلام) informed them that from their brothers, Allah will set up a prophet like him. The Bani Israel trace their lineage to Isaac (Ishaque عليه السلام), the son of Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام), while the Arabs trace their lineage to Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام), the elder son of Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام). So, Muhammad ﷺ is from their brothers. 


Full Text 

 ۞ وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ۚ وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَخِيهِ هَارُونَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ

وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَن تَرَانِي وَلَـٰكِنِ انظُرْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مَكَانَهُ فَسَوْفَ تَرَانِي ۚ فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًا ۚ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

قَالَ يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَاتِي وَبِكَلَامِي فَخُذْ مَا آتَيْتُكَ وَكُن مِّنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ

وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَّوْعِظَةً وَتَفْصِيلًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا ۚ سَأُرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ

And We appointed (for) Musa thirty nights and We completed them with ten (more), so was completed (the) set term (of) his Lord (of) forty night(s). And said Musa to his brother Harun, "Take my place in my people, and do right and (do) not follow (the) way (of) the corrupters."
And when came Musa to Our appointed place and spoke to him his Lord, he said, "O my Lord! Show me (that) I may look at You." He said, "Never you (can) see Me, but look at the mountain [then] if it remains in its place then you see Me." But when revealed (His) Glory his Lord to the mountain, He made it crumbled to dust and fell down Musa unconscious. And when he recovered he said, "Glory be to You! I turn (in repentance) to you, and I am (the) first (of) the believers."
He said, "O Musa! Indeed, I have chosen you over the people with My Messages and with My words. So take what I have given you and be among the grateful."

And We ordained (laws) for him in the tablets - of every thing, an instruction and explanation for every thing, "So take them with firmness and order your people (to) take (the) best of it. I will show you (the) home (of) the defiantly disobedient

[Al-Quran 7:142-145]

Backstory: Allah liberated the Bani Israel from the oppression they were suffering in Ancient Egypt. This event is famously known as the Exodus, in which Allah parted the sea, so that they could escape to the other side, while their enemy, pursuing them, were drowned in the same sea.  

While Moses (Musa عليه السلام) was away (Q7:142), his people took up the calf for worship (Q7:148). After Moses (Musa عليه السلام)' anger calmed (Q7:154), he chose seventy men for The Appointment (Q7:155). The ayat mentions that they were seized with an earthquake (الرَّجْفَةُ): 

وَلَمَّا سَكَتَ عَن مُّوسَى الْغَضَبُ أَخَذَ الْأَلْوَاحَ ۖ وَفِي نُسْخَتِهَا هُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلَّذِينَ هُمْ لِرَبِّهِمْ يَرْهَبُونَ

وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَىٰ قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا لِّمِيقَاتِنَا ۖ

 فَلَمَّا أَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ قَالَ رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّايَ ۖ أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَّا ۖ إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا فِتْنَتُكَ تُضِلُّ بِهَا مَن تَشَاءُ وَتَهْدِي مَن تَشَاءُ ۖ أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا ۖ وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ

And when was calmed from Musa the anger, he took (up) the tablets and in their inscription (was) guidance and mercy for those who [they] of their Lord (are) fearful.

And chose Musa (from) his people seventy men for Our appointment. 

Then when seized them the earthquake he said, "O my Lord! If you (had) willed, You (could) have destroyed the from before and me. Would You destroy us for what did the foolish among us? Not it (was) but Your trial, You let go astray by it whom You will and You guide whom You will. You (are) our Protector, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You (are) Best (of) Forgivers.

[Al-Quran 154-155]

The Quran mentions that Moses (Musa عليه السلام) chose seventy men from his people for The Appointment, after he had received the Tablets on which were inscribed guidance and mercy. It also reminds them about the covenant they ratified with Allah:

وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُمَمًا ۖ مِّنْهُمُ الصَّالِحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ دُونَ ذَ‌ٰلِكَ ۖ وَبَلَوْنَاهُم بِالْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

فَخَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ وَرِثُوا الْكِتَابَ يَأْخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَـٰذَا الْأَدْنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغْفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأْتِهِمْ عَرَضٌ مِّثْلُهُ يَأْخُذُوهُ ۚ أَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِم مِّيثَاقُ الْكِتَابِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ وَدَرَسُوا مَا فِيهِ ۗ وَالدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ ۗ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ

وَالَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ

 ۞ وَإِذْ نَتَقْنَا الْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ كَأَنَّهُ ظُلَّةٌ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ

And We divided them in the earth (as) nations. Among them (are) the righteous and among them (are) other than that. And We tested them with the good and the bad, so that they may return.

Then succeeded from after them successors (who) inherited the Book taking goods (of) this the lower (life) and they say, "It will be forgiven for us." And if comes to them goods similar to it they will take it. Was not taken on them Covenant (of) the Book that not they will say about Allah except the truth while they studied what (is) in it? And the home (of) the Hereafter (is) better for those who fear Allah. So will not you use intellect?
And those who hold fast to the Book, and establish the prayer, indeed, We (will) not [We] let go waste (the) reward (of) the reformers.
And when We raised the mountain above them as if it was a canopy and they thought that it (would) fall upon them, (We said), "Take what We have given you with strength and remember what (is) in it so that you may fear Allah."
[Al-Quran 168-171]

The Ratified Covenant: Q2:40 exhorts the Bani Israel to uphold the covenant they made with Allah, so that Allah upholds His Covenant with them. Q2:63 goes on to mention the ratified covenant taken from them:

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُون

And when We took your covenant and We raised over you the mount, "Hold what We have given you with strength, and remember what (is) in it, perhaps you (would become) righteous."
[Al-Quran 2:63]


وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ

لَتُبَيِّنُنَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَكْتُمُونَهُ 

فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَاشْتَرَوْا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَبِئْسَ مَا يَشْتَرُونَ

And when Allah took a Covenant (from) those who were given the Book,
"You certainly make it clear to the mankind and (do) not conceal it.
Then they threw it behind their backs and they exchanged [with] it (for) a little price. And wretched (is) what they purchase.
[Al-Quran 3:187]

Q7:169 also reminds them of the covenant ratified with them, and Q7:171 reminds them of the raising of the mount over them. 
Related Post: The Covenant & Its Ratification 


The Torah on Seventy Men 

טזוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶל־משֶׁ֗ה אֶסְפָה־לִּ֞י שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִישׁ֘ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־הֵ֛ם זִקְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם וְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהִתְיַצְּב֥וּ שָׁ֖ם עִמָּֽךְ:

יזוְיָֽרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֘ שָׁם֒ וְאָֽצַלְתִּ֗י מִן־הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָֽשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ:

16 Then the Lord said to Moses, "Assemble for Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the people's elders and officers, and you shall take them to the Tent of Meeting, and they shall stand there with You.  

17 I will come down and speak with you there, and I will increase the spirit that is upon you and bestow it upon them. Then they will bear the burden of the people with you so that you need not bear it alone.
[The Torah, Bamidbar - Numbers - Chapter 11 16-17]

Though the narrative in Numbers 11 regarding what led up to the choosing of the seventy elders is different, yet both The Torah and The Quran are pointing towards the same event when seventy men were chosen from the Bani Israel. The purpose stated in Numbers 11 17 is so that they will share the burden along with Moses (Musa عليه السلام). 

The mission of Moses (Musa عليه السلام) was the proclamation that there is no god but Allah, the One and Only God, and the conveyance of The Torah which is a message from God containing detailed information, guidance and mercy. 


The Torah in Seventy Languages  

Summary of impressions from Jewish and Christian writings online: At the time of Moses (Musa عليه السلام), there existed seventy primary languages, of seventy nations, in the world. It is believed that these seventy languages originated at the Tower of Babel:

טעַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּי־שָׁ֛ם בָּלַ֥ל יְהֹוָ֖ה שְׂפַ֣ת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמִשָּׁם֙ הֱפִיצָ֣ם יְהֹוָ֔ה עַל־פְּנֵ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ:

Therefore, He named it Babel, for there the Lord confused the language of the entire earth, and from there the Lord scattered them upon the face of the entire earth.
[Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 11:9]

They also believe that all the seventy languages were spoken in the Pharaoh's palace in ancient Egypt, which means that these were the extant languages then. Where in Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 1:5 Moses (Musa عليه السلام) spoke, it is believed that he gave them The Torah in all the seventy languages of the world:

הבְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב הוֹאִ֣יל משֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר:

On that side of the Jordan, in the land of Moab, Moses commenced [and] explained this Law, saying,
[Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 1:8]

It is believed that the Devarim - Deuteronomy is one long sermon by Moses (Musa عليه السلام), a renewal of the covenant! He also commanded them to inscribe it all clearly on stones:

אוַיְצַ֤ו משֶׁה֙ וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹר֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָֽנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם:

And Moses and the elders of Israel commanded the people, saying, Observe all of the commandment that I command you this day.

...

חוְכָתַבְתָּ֣ עַל־הָֽאֲבָנִ֗ים אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּאֵ֥ר הֵיטֵֽב:   

You shall write upon the stones all the words of this Torah, very clearly.
[
Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 27:1, ..., 8]



The Quran in Arabic Language

وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ بَشَرٍ مِّن شَيْءٍ قُلْ مَنْ أَنزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَىٰ نُورًا وَهُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا وَعُلِّمْتُم مَّا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُون

وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُون

And (did) not they appraise Allah (with) true (his) appraisal, when they said, "Not revealed Allah on a human being [of] anything." Say, "Who revealed the Book which brought [it] Musa (as) a light and guidance for the people? You make it (into) parchments, you disclose (some of) it and you conceal much (of it). And you were taught what not knew you and not your forefathers." Say, "Allah (revealed it)." Then leave them in their discourse - playing.
And this (is) a Book, We have revealed it, blessed, confirming which (from) between his hands, so that you may warn (the) mother (of) the cities and who (are) around it. And those who believe in the Hereafter, they believe in it, and they, over their prayers (are) guarding.
[Al-Quran 6:91-92]


كِتَابٌ فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُون

A Book, are detailed its Verses, a Quran (in) Arabic for a people (who) know,
...

وَلَوْ جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا أَعْجَمِيًّا لَّقَالُوا لَوْلَا فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ أَأَعْجَمِيٌّ وَعَرَبِيٌّ قُلْ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هُدًى وَشِفَاءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمًى أُولَٰئِكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيد

 And if We (had) made it a Quran (in) a foreign (language), they (would have) said, "Why not are explained in detail its verses? (Is it) a foreign (language) and an Arab?" Say, "It (is) for those who believe, a guidance and a healing." And those who (do) not believe, in their ears (is) deafness, and it (is) for them blindness. Those are being called from a place far."
[Al-Quran 41:3, ..., 44]


وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَتُنذِرَ يَوْمَ الْجَمْعِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِير

And thus We have revealed to you a Quran (in) Arabic, that you may warn (the) mother (of) the towns, and whoever (is) around it, and warn (of the) Day (of) Assembly, (there is) no doubt in it. A party (will be) in Paradise and a party in the Blazing Fire.
[Al-Quran 42:7]


وَمِن قَبْلِهِ كِتَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِمَامًا وَرَحْمَةً وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ مُّصَدِّقٌ لِّسَانًا عَرَبِيًّا لِّيُنذِرَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُحْسِنِين

And from before it (was the) Scripture (of) Musa (as) a guide and a mercy. And this (is) a Book confirming, (in) language Arabic to warn those who do wrong and glad tidings for the good-doers.
[Al-Quran 46:12]

The Quran informs us that it was revealed in the Arabic language to warn the mother of towns (أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ), i.e. Makkah (old name Bakkah), and those around it. Almost all of Middle East speaks Arabic, including Egypt.  

Related Posts: The Quran, the Pharaoh, Exodus and the Promised Day! || The Ancient House


Muhammad ﷺ : A Prophet like Moses

At the appointment with the seventy men, when Moses prayed for mercy (Q7:155-156), these ayat recount the answer Allah gave him:

 ۞ وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِي هَـٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ إِنَّا هُدْنَا إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ عَذَابِي أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ ۖ وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ۚ فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ مَعَهُ ۙ أُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

And ordain for us in this [the] world, good and in the Hereafter. Indeed, we we have turned to You." He said, "My punishment - I afflict with it whom I will, but My Mercy encompasses every thing. So I will ordain it for those who (are) righteous and give zakah and those who [they] in Our Verses believe.
Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet, the unlettered, whom they find him written with them in the Taurat and the Injeel. He commands them to the right and forbids them from the wrong, and he makes lawful for them the pure things and makes unlawful for them the impure things and he relieves from them their burden and the fetters which were upon them. So those who believe in him and honor him, and help him and follow the light which has been sent down with him. Those (are) [they] the successful ones."
[Al-Quran 7:156-157]

In Surah al-Muzzamil, we read: 

إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولًا شَاهِدًا عَلَيْكُمْ كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ رَسُولًا

فَعَصَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ الرَّسُولَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُ أَخْذًا وَبِيلًا

فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِن كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا

السَّمَاءُ مُنفَطِرٌ بِهِ ۚ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَفْعُولًا

إِنَّ هَـٰذِهِ تَذْكِرَةٌ ۖ فَمَن شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا

Indeed, We [We] have sent to you a Messenger (as) a witness upon you, as We sent to Firaun a Messenger.
But disobeyed Firaun the Messenger, so We seized him (with) a seizure ruinous.
Then how will you guard yourselves, if you disbelieve, a Day (that) will make the children gray-haired?
The heaven (will) break apart therefrom, is His Promise to be fulfilled.
Indeed, this (is) a Reminder, then whoever wills (let him) take to his Lord a way.
[Al-Quran 73:15-19]

In Devarim - Deuteronomy 18, Moses (Musa عليه السلام) informed them that from their brothers, Allah will set up a prophet like him. 

The Bani Israel trace their lineage to Isaac (Ishaque عليه السلام), the son of Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام), while the Arabs trace their lineage to Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام), the elder son of Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام). So, Muhammad ﷺ is from their brothers: 

  טונָבִ֨יא מִקִּרְבְּךָ֤ מֵֽאַחֶ֨יךָ֙ כָּמֹ֔נִי יָקִ֥ים לְךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אֵלָ֖יו תִּשְׁמָעֽוּן:

A prophet from among you, from your brothers, like me, the Lord, your God will set up for you; you shall hearken to him.
[Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 18 15]

The Devarim - Deuteronomy concludes thus: 

יוְלֹא־קָ֨ם נָבִ֥יא ע֛וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְדָע֣וֹ יְהֹוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים:

And there was no other prophet who arose in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face,

יאלְכָל־הָֽ֨אֹתֹ֜ת וְהַמּֽוֹפְתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁלָחוֹ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ:

11as manifested by all the signs and wonders, which the Lord had sent him to perform in the land of Egypt, to Pharaoh and all his servants, and to all his land,  

יבוּלְכֹל֙ הַיָּ֣ד הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל הַמּוֹרָ֣א הַגָּד֑וֹל אֲשֶׁר֙ עָשָׂ֣ה משֶׁ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:

12and all the strong hand, and all the great awe, which Moses performed before the eyes of all Israel. [Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 34 10-12]

Related Posts: Muhammad ﷺ, the Messenger of Allah || Muhammad ﷺ – Ascension & Return 


Mistranslations & Misinterpretations 

This is a link to an audio why a not divinely-authorised Greek translation (a Greek Pharaoh of Egypt had commissioned the translation) was considered a tragedy of the same magnitude as the worship of the golden calf: Audio length 48:35 

Questions: 

  • why did they translate another version when the original Greek translation given by Moses existed? 
  • do the seventy original translations of The Torah still exist?  

With the translations of the ayaat of The Quran also, we notice that there are differences, even within the same language. Sometimes, almost none of the translations are literal, or partially literal. Therefore, it is imperative to quote the ayaat in the original language as well, even while many readers may be interested, or able to understand, only the translations.  

Note: Part of the reason for this blog is that I find what's written in the Arabic text seems different from popular understanding. However, I'm neither a man, nor a messenger of Allah, nor a prophet, nor a religious scholar. Am I doing a service by trying to understand, and share my learnings, or is this a disservice? Or exceeding the bounds defined for the female believer? May Allah guide us all, and improve our submission to Him, and accept us. 


Last updated on: November 14, 2022


Tuesday, September 10, 2019

The Torah & The Quran


Some people claim that the Torah and the Injeel have been corrupted. If that is true, when did this happen? Did it happen prior to the revelation of The Quran? 

The Quran endorses the prior revelations, and makes it an article of faith to believe that they are revelations from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ . 

As with The Quran, it is important to study the revelation in its original language, as all human translations are prone to errors. 

The following are a few ayaat highlighting the significance of the prior scriptures, and the need to hold them in high esteem. 

There is much to be learnt from all of them.  


The Book

الم
ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ
الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ
أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

Alif Lām Mīm.
That is the Book—there is no doubt ^in it^, a guidance for the ones who are Godfearing:
Those who believe in the unseen and perform the formal prayer, and they spend out of what We provided them,
and those who believe in what was caused to descend to thee, and what was caused to descend before thee, and they are certain of the world to come.
Those are on a guidance from their Lord and those, they are the ones who prosper.
[Al-Quran 2:1-5, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



The Book, The Torah & The Gospel, & The Criteria 


نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنجِيلَ
مِن قَبْلُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَنزَلَ الْفُرْقَانَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انتِقَامٍ

He sent down to thee the Book with The Truth, that which establishes as true what was before it. And He caused to descend the Torah and the Gospel
before this as a guidance for humanity. And He caused to descend the Criterion between right and wrong. Truly, those who were ungrateful for the signs of God, for them is a severe punishment. And God is Almighty, Possessor of Requital.
[Al-Quran 3:3-4, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



Submission to Allah 


إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ

Truly the way of life with God is submission to the One God. And at variance were those who were given the Book after what drew near them of the knowledge out of insolence among themselves. And whoever is ungrateful for the signs of God, then, truly, God is Swift in reckoning.
[Al-Quran 3:19, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



Torah: Guidance & Nur 

إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِن كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ

Truly, We caused the Torah to descend wherein is guidance and light. The Prophets give judgment with it, those who submitted to God, for those who became Jews and the rabbis and learned Jewish scholars who committed to memory the Book of God and they had been witnesses to it. So dread not humanity, but dread Me. And exchange not My signs for a little price. And whoever gives not judgment by what God caused to descend, those, they are the ones who are ungrateful.
[Al-Quran 5:44, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



The Tablets 

وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَّوْعِظَةً وَتَفْصِيلًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا سَأُرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ

And We wrote down for him on the Tablets something of all things and an admonishment and a decisive explanation of all things. So take these with firmness and command thy folk to take what is fairer. I will cause you to see the abodes of the ones who disobey.
[Al-Quran 7:145, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



The Torah & The Quran 

فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ عِندِنَا قَالُوا لَوْلَا أُوتِيَ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ مِن قَبْلُ قَالُوا سِحْرَانِ تَظَاهَرَا وَقَالُوا إِنَّا بِكُلٍّ كَافِرُونَ

قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابٍ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ هُوَ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْهُمَا أَتَّبِعْهُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ


But when The Truth drew near them from Us they said: Why was he not given the like of what was given to Moses? They are ones who are ungrateful for what was given to Moses before. They said: Two kinds of sorcery, each helped one against the other. And they said: Truly, we disbelieve in all of it.
Say: Then, bring a Book from God that is better guided than these two that I follow it, if you had been ones who are sincere.
[Al-Quran 28:48-49, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



Messengers & Signs 

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَانتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

And, certainly, We sent Messengers before thee to their own folk. They drew near them with the clear portents. Then, We requited those who sinned. And it had been an obligation on Us to help ones who believe.
[Al-Quran 30:47, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



The Bani Israel 


وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ فَلَا تَكُن فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِّن لِّقَائِهِ وَجَعَلْنَاهُ هُدًى لِّبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ

وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا لَمَّا صَبَرُوا وَكَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يُوقِنُونَ

And, certainly, We gave Moses the Book. So be you not hesitant about meeting Him. And We assigned it as a guidance for the Children of Israel.
And We assigned leaders from among them to guide under Our command when they endured patiently. And they had been certain of Our signs.
[Al-Quran 32:23-24, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



Explained in Detail 

حم
تَنزِيلٌ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
كِتَابٌ فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا فَأَعْرَضَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ
...
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَا تَسْمَعُوا لِهَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ
...
مَّا يُقَالُ لَكَ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ قِيلَ لِلرُّسُلِ مِن قَبْلِكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ وَذُو عِقَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
وَلَوْ جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا أَعْجَمِيًّا لَّقَالُوا لَوْلَا فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ أَأَعْجَمِيٌّ وَعَرَبِيٌّ قُلْ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هُدًى وَشِفَاءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمًى أُولَٰئِكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ فَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مُرِيبٍ
مَّنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَسَاءَ فَعَلَيْهَا وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ
...
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِن كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ كَفَرْتُم بِهِ مَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ هُوَ فِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ
سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِّن لِّقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُّحِيطٌ

Ḥā Mīm.
A sending down successively from The Merciful, The Compassionate,
a Book in which its signs were explained distinctly, an Arabic Recitation for a folk who know,
a bearer of glad tidings and a warner, but most of them turned aside so they hear not.
...
And those who are ungrateful said: Hear not this, the Quran, but talk idly about it while it is being recited so that perhaps you will prevail.
...
Nothing is said to thee but what, truly, was said to the Messengers before thee. Truly, thy Lord is, certainly, the Possessor of Forgiveness, and the Possessor of Painful Repayment.
And if We made this a non-Arabic Recitation, they would have said: Why were His signs not explained distinctly: A non-Arab tongue and an Arab! Say: It is a guidance for those who believe and a healing. And as for those who believed not, there is a heaviness in their ears and blindness in their hearts. Those are given notice from a far place.
And, certainly, We gave Moses the Book. Then, they were at variance about it. And if it were not for a Word that had preceded from thy Lord, it would have been decided between them. But, truly, they are in uncertainty, ones in grave doubt about it.
Whoever did as one in accord with morality, it is for himself. And whoever did evil, it is against himself, and thy Lord is not unjust to His servants.
...
Say: Considered you that even though it had been from God, again, you were ungrateful for it. Who is one who goes more astray than he who is in wide breach?
We will cause them to see Our signs on the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is The Truth. Suffices not thy Lord that, truly, He is Witness over all things?
They are hesitant about the meeting with their Lord. Truly, He is who One Who Encloses everything.
Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar, typos edited]



Entrusted with The Torah


مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا بِئْسَ مَثَلُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ

The parable of those who were entrusted with the Torah, and, again, carries it not is as the parable of a donkey who carries writings. Miserable was the parable of a folk who denied the signs of God! And God guides not the folk, the ones who are unjust.
[Al-Quran 62:5, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]



The Guarded Tablet 



هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ
فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ
بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي تَكْذِيبٍ
وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَائِهِم مُّحِيطٌ
بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَّجِيدٌ
فِي لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ

Approached thee the discourse of the armies
of Pharaoh and of Thamud?
Nay! Those who were ungrateful are belying
and God is One Who Encloses them from behind.
Nay! It is a glorious Recitation
inscribed on the Guarded Tablet.
[Al-Quran 85:17-22, Translation: Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar]




Last updated on September 3, 2026

Sunday, October 15, 2017

adDeeni Haneefan (The Religion Upright)

No change should there be in the creation of Allah [Quran 30:30] 

Abstract
The Quran informs us that Abraham was a Haneef. Q30:30 begins with the command to set our face to the deeni haneefan. This study explores what it means to be a haneef.


Full Text

فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا

 لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

Faaqim wajhaka lilddeeni haneefan fitrata Allahi allatee fatara alnnasa AAalayha 
la tabdeela likhalqi Allahi thalika alddeenu alqayyimu walakinna akthara alnnasi la yaAAlamoona

So set your face to the religion upright. Nature (made by) Allah (upon) which He has created mankind [on it]. 
No change (should there be) in the creation (of) Allah. That (is) the religion the correct, but most men (do) not know.
[Al-Quran 30:30]

Q30:30, which is the basis of the series of posts Mission of the Messengers, begins with the command to set our face to the deen haneef. 

Just before the mention of the The First House of Worship and pilgrimage to it as a duty upon all who can find the means to go there, The Quran also  informs us that Abraham was a Haneef:  

قُلْ صَدَقَ اللَّهُ فَاتَّبِعُوا مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ

Qul sadaqa Allahu faittabiAAoo millata ibraheema haneefan wama kana mina almushrikeena

Say, Allah (has) spoken the truth, then follow (the) religion (of) Ibrahim (the) upright, and not he was of the polytheists.
[Al-Quran 3:95]


Ha-nun-fa in the Quran



Ha-nun-fa in the Lexicon
The term Hanif or Haneef is generally translated as upright. Looking up its meaning in the lexicon, it means to incline towards a right state or tendency; inclining away from a false religion to the true religion.  As applied to the religion of Abraham:  


Attribution:Lane’s Lexicon, Page 658 


Circumcision in The Torah
Genesis 17 narrates the covenant between God and Abraham, and informs us that the circumcision is a token of the covenant. The order for circumcision of the male child is reiterated to Moses in Leviticus 12:3    

From the ayaat of The Quran, it seems that the covenant has been taken from the male members of the progeny of Adam, just as the covenant was taken from Adam.



Excerpts from Adam Facts

Discussion
An earlier effort to understand another term in Q30:30, located towards the end of the ayat, الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ draws upon some key learnings from the story of Adam:

Excerpt from The Right Religion (Deen)  


Q30:30 commands us to follow adDeeni Haneefan (The Religion Upright), which includes circumcision of the males, and it also commands that No change should there be in the creation of Allah. 

Circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin, something male babies are born with. Pro-circumcision medical experts advise about the health benefits, confirming the Muslim understanding of the purification/cleanliness reasons behind this practice.

Based on all of the foregoing, does the command No change should there be in the creation of Allah mean that Muslims/Haneefs must actively incline away from impurity and corruption towards all that renders them pure and incorrupt? 

Excerpt from Human: Body or Soul?


References & Further Reading

Root Word ha-nun-fa

Circumcision

Medicine, Healing & The Jewish Tradition