The Earthquake (99:1-8)
99:1
إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ١
When the earth will be trembled with its quake,
— T. Usmani
When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake
— Saheeh International
99:2
وَأَخْرَجَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَا ٢
and the earth will bring forth its burdens,
— T. Usmani
And the earth discharges its burdens[1]
— Saheeh International
[1]- See verse 84:4.
99:3
وَقَالَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا لَهَا ٣
and man will say, “What has happened to it?”
— T. Usmani
And man says,[1] "What is [wrong] with it?" -
— Saheeh International
[1]- In terror and amazement.
99:4
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا ٤
That day it will describe all its happenings,
— T. Usmani
That Day, it will report its news
— Saheeh International
99:5
بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا ٥
because its Lord will have so commanded it.
— T. Usmani
Because your Lord has inspired [i.e., commanded] it.
— Saheeh International
99:6
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَصْدُرُ ٱلنَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًۭا لِّيُرَوْا۟ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ ٦
That day the people will come back (from the place of reckoning) in different groups, so that they may be shown (the fruits of) their deeds.
— T. Usmani
That Day, the people will depart[1] separated [into categories] to be shown [the result of] their deeds.
— Saheeh International
[1]- From the place of Judgement to their final abode. Another interpretation is 'emerge separately' (from the graves) .
99:7
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ ٧
So, whoever does any good act (even) to the weight of a particle will see it.
— T. Usmani
So whoever does an atom's weight[1] of good will see it,
— Saheeh International
[1]- Or 'the weight of a small ant.'
99:8
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ ٨
And whoever does evil (even) to the weight of a particle will see it.
— T. Usmani
And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it.
— Saheeh International
Earth can be made to move and do whatever Allah عزوجل commands it to do. Surah azZalzalah informs us of the earthquake at 'end-time' when the Earth will chronicle its events and give up its burdens.
Time is also not a constant. It can be speeded up or slowed down. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was taken to meet Allah عزوجل in one night and returned. He travelled through seven skies, and back:
The Night Journey (17:1)
سُبْحَـٰنَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِۦ لَيْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ إِلَى ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْأَقْصَا ٱلَّذِى بَـٰرَكْنَا حَوْلَهُۥ لِنُرِيَهُۥ مِنْ ءَايَـٰتِنَآ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ ١
Glorious is He Who made his servant travel by night from Al-Masjid-ul-Harām to Al-Masjid-ul-AqSā whose environs We have blessed, so that We let him see some of Our signs. Surely, He is the All-Hearing, the All- Seeing.
— T. Usmani
Exalted[1] is He who took His Servant [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)] by night from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām to al-Masjid al-Aqṣā,[2] whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing,[3] the Seeing.[4]
— Saheeh International
[1]Above any imperfection or failure to do as He wills.
[2]In Jerusalem.
[3]Who hears every sound, distinguishes every voice, understands every word, and accepts and responds to supplications.
[4]Who sees and understands all things apparent and unapparent, visible and invisible.
understanding Hadith
Variability of Distance
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الصِّدِّيقِ النَّاجِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ إِنْسَانًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَسْأَلُ، فَأَتَى رَاهِبًا فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ قَالَ لاَ. فَقَتَلَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَسْأَلُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ ائْتِ قَرْيَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَأَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَنَاءَ بِصَدْرِهِ نَحْوَهَا، فَاخْتَصَمَتْ فِيهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَمَلاَئِكَةُ الْعَذَابِ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى هَذِهِ أَنْ تَقَرَّبِي. وَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى هَذِهِ أَنْ تَبَاعَدِي. وَقَالَ قِيسُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمَا. فَوُجِدَ إِلَى هَذِهِ أَقْرَبُ بِشِبْرٍ، فَغُفِرَ لَهُ ".
Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Amongst the men of Bani Israel there was a man who had murdered ninety-nine persons. Then he set out asking (whether his repentance could be accepted or not). He came upon a monk and asked him if his repentance could be accepted. The monk replied in the negative and so the man killed him. He kept on asking till a man advised to go to such and such village. (So he left for it) but death overtook him on the way. While dying, he turned his chest towards that village (where he had hoped his repentance would be accepted), and so the angels of mercy and the angels of punishment quarrelled amongst themselves regarding him. Allah ordered the village (towards which he was going) to come closer to him, and ordered the village (whence he had come), to go far away, and then He ordered the angels to measure the distances between his body and the two villages. So he was found to be one span closer to the village (he was going to). So he was forgiven."
Sahih al-Bukhari 3470
[https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3470]
According to this Hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , distance is not a constant. Allah عزوجل can order the Earth to expand or contract, and it obeys accordingly.
Variability of Time
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يُقْبَضَ الْعِلْمُ، وَتَكْثُرَ الزَّلاَزِلُ، وَيَتَقَارَبَ الزَّمَانُ، وَتَظْهَرَ الْفِتَنُ، وَيَكْثُرَ الْهَرْجُ ـ وَهْوَ الْقَتْلُ الْقَتْلُ ـ حَتَّى يَكْثُرَ فِيكُمُ الْمَالُ فَيَفِيضُ ".
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The Hour (Last Day) will not be established until (religious) knowledge will be taken away (by the death of religious learned men), earthquakes will be very frequent, time will pass quickly, afflictions will appear, murders will increase and money will overflow amongst you." (See Hadith No. 85 Vol 1).
Sahih al-Bukhari 1036
[https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1036]
A sign of end times is time passing quickly. It seems to have accelerated.
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