And when I am
ill, then He cures me, [Al-Quran 26:80]
Disease
& Cure - I
According to the search result, the two noun forms are:
marad (مَّرَض) and marid (مَّرِيض)
Marad (مَّرَض) is used when describing a condition
which hinders a person from faith. The Quran introduces the reader to this
right at the beginning, and associates it with lying, stating that Allah
increases this disease because they lie:
فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ
فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا
وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ
In their hearts (is)
a disease,
so has
increased them Allah (in) disease;
and for them (is) a punishment
painful because they used to [they] lie.
[Al-Quran 2:10]
This word (مَّرَض) is specifically used with the word qalb to inform that the heart is
diseased. It is important to note here that we find two words: qalb and
fu`ad, both of which are generally translated as heart. However, in the Arabic text of The Quran, the usage of words is very precise. As per my understanding, the word for the physical heart is qalb, while fuad is one of the functions of the heart.
Rijsun
meaning impurity or filth is also associated with this condition of the qalb:
The Quran also links lying to the forehead/forebrain:
Excerpt from Lying
Sinful Forelock
The study
quoted in the following excerpt also 'covered the most anterior part of
prefrontal cortex':
Excerpt from Divine
Will and Human Free Will
Emerging
research also points to brain-derived gene expressions which impact the health
of the heart. There seems to be a strong, but not yet fully understood, link
between lying and the heart!
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Marid (مَّرِيض) is used to describe the person in
the state of being ill or sick. The Quran uses this term to describe people
suffering from any type of illness. Expressions of leniency and compassion are
generally found for people suffering from illness, such as exemption from
fasting (2:184, 2:185), shaving head at
pilgrimage (2:196), ablution (4:43, 5:6), permission to put down arms while praying
during wartime (4:102), from battle (9:91, 48:17), from nightlong prayers
(73:20).
The
Quran also permits the sick to remain as social or otherwise as they wish:
لَّيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَن تَأْكُلُوا مِن بُيُوتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ إِخْوَانِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَعْمَامِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخْوَالِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ خَالَاتِكُمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُم مَّفَاتِحَهُ أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ أَشْتَاتًا فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُم بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِكُمْ تَحِيَّةً مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ مُبَارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
Not is on the blind any blame and not on the
lame any blame and not on the sick
any blame and not on yourselves nafs that you eat from your houses or houses (of) your
fathers or houses (of) your mothers or houses (of) your brothers or houses (of)
your sisters or houses (of) your paternal uncles or houses (of) your paternal
aunts or houses (of) your maternal uncles or houses (of) your maternal aunts or
what you possess its keys or your friend. Not is on you any blame that you eat
together or separately. But when you enter houses then greet [on] yourselves nafs a
greeting from Allah blessed / flourishing (and) good / pure. Thus Allah makes clear for you the
Verses so that you may understand.
[Al-Quran 24:61; Translation edited for clarity in italics]
This ties in with the concept of belief in predestination that anything that happens within our nafs or in the earth is already recorded before it happens. (Q57:22); as well as the information that all things are from Allah (Q4:78) and the good is from Allah while the sayyi-atin (bad/ill/evil/misfortune) is from our nafs (Q4:79).
Also noteworthy is that the permission for social interaction to the sick is given in Surah an-Noor. Allah is the Noor of the Skies and Earth, and to Him nothing is invisible. More on this in this post.
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The verb form (مَرِضْ) occurs just once:
وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ
And when I am ill, then He cures me,
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