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يَـٰبَنِىٓ ءَادَمَ قَدْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ لِبَاسًۭا يُوَٰرِى سَوْءَٰتِكُمْ وَرِيشًۭا ۖ وَلِبَاسُ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌۭ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ ٢٦
O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of Allah, that they may remember.
— M. Pickthall
O Children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts) and as an adornment; and the raiment of righteousness, that is better. Such are among the Ayât (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allâh, that they may remember (i.e. leave falsehood and follow truth[1]).
— Al-Hilali & Khan
[1](V.26) It is said that the pagan Arabs in the Pre-Islâmic Period of Ignorance used to do Tawâf (going round) of the Ka‘bah in a naked state. So when Islâm became victorious and Makkah was conquered, the pagans and the polytheists were forbidden to enter Makkah, and none was allowed to do Tawâf of the Ka‘bah in a naked state.
يَـٰبَنِىٓ ءَادَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ كَمَآ أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُم مِّنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ يَنزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْءَٰتِهِمَآ ۗ إِنَّهُۥ يَرَىٰكُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُۥ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا ٱلشَّيَـٰطِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ٢٧
O Children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you as he caused your (first) parents to go forth from the Garden and tore off from them their robe (of innocence) that he might manifest their shame to them. Lo! he seeth you, he and his tribe, from whence ye see him not. Lo! We have made the devils protecting friends for those who believe not.
— M. Pickthall
O Children of Adam! Let not Shaitân (Satan) deceive you, as he got your parents [Adam and Hawwâ’ (Eve)] out of Paradise, stripping them of their raiments, to show them their private parts. Verily, he and Qabîluhu (his soldiers from the jinn or his tribe) see you from where you cannot see them. Verily, We made the Shayâtin (devils) Auliyâ’ (protectors and helpers) for those who believe not.
— Al-Hilali & Khan
The Quran, Surah al-A'raf recounts the arrogance and deception of Satan with which he persuaded Adam and his wife to fall into sin. Then it informs us that clothing was bestowed upon the children of Adam, and the purpose of it. Then it warns the children of Adam to not to let Satan deceive us as he deceived our parents, 'ripping off' their clothing...
Surah Ta Ha (Q20:118) informs us that Adam and his spouse were not naked originally. There was plenty in the Garden for them to never go naked or hungry. The Bible informs us that when their eyes opened (Genesis 3 7), they realised that they were naked. The Bible (Genesis 3 21) informs us that after their fall, Adam and his wife were provided with skin to cover their body.
Surah al-Baqarah (Q2:36) informs us that Satan made Adam and his wife 'slip out' of what they were in. In an earlier post, I've explored the example of snails and slugs to understand what 'slipping out' means. Snails have a shell that they live in, attached to their bodies through muscles. Slugs are devolved snails, without shells, and covered with skin.
Surah al-A'raf (Q7:23) informs us that they cried to their Rabb (Lord-Sustainer) that they had put their nafs in darkness, and prayed to be covered and for mercy (وَاِنۡ لَّمۡ تَغۡفِرۡ لَـنَا وَتَرۡحَمۡنَا).
So, what happened? Did they lose consciousness when they ate the forbidden fruit? During their unconsciousness, Satan ripped off their clothing? Was this clothing removable to begin with, like we have now, or was it growing upon the body, like a shell? When they regained consciousness, their natural clothing (لِبَاسُ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ) had been ripped off and they were in a terrible state, their hidden parts exposed? They started dressing their wounds, with the leaves of the tree? Then Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى covered them with skin, in response to their prayer for cover and mercy? They are granted skins to cover them? The skin that encloses our body is a sign of our devolution as a specie? From a highly advanced specie, we have devolved into very weak and vulnerable creatures? From 'اَحۡسَنِ تَقۡوِيۡمٍ' , we have become 'اَسۡفَلَ سَافِلِيۡنَۙ' (Q95:4-5)?
The Quran uses the word julood (جُلُودُ) to describe the skin on the body. The triliteral root jīm lām dāl (ج ل د) occurs 13 times in the Quran. ... Of these, nine times as the noun julūd (جُلُود):
Screenshot from: corpus.quran.com
Regarding the Hereafter, the people who disbelieve / reject, it is stated:
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا سَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِمْ نَارًۭا كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُم بَدَّلْنَـٰهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا لِيَذُوقُوا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًۭا ٥٦
Indeed, those who disbelieve in Our verses - We will drive them into a fire. Every time their skins are roasted through, We will replace them with other skins so they may taste the punishment. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.
— Saheeh International
Lo! Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them for fresh skins that they may taste the torment. Lo! Allah is ever Mighty, Wise.
— M. Pickthall
[Al-Quran 4:56]
Regarding the skins of cattle, we read:
وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنۢ بُيُوتِكُمْ سَكَنًۭا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّن جُلُودِ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ بُيُوتًۭا تَسْتَخِفُّونَهَا يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ وَيَوْمَ إِقَامَتِكُمْ ۙ وَمِنْ أَصْوَافِهَا وَأَوْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَآ أَثَـٰثًۭا وَمَتَـٰعًا إِلَىٰ حِينٍۢ ٨٠
And Allāh has made for you from your homes a place of rest and made for you from the hides of the animals tents which you find light on your day of travel and your day of encampment; and from their wool, fur and hair is furnishing and enjoyment [i.e., provision] for a time.
— Saheeh International
And Allah hath given you in your houses an abode, and hath given you (also), of the hides of cattle, houses which ye find light (to carry) on the day of migration and on the day of pitching camp; and of their wool and their fur and their hair, caparison and comfort for a while.
— M. Pickthall
[Al-Quran 16:80]
Regarding the disbelievers, again it is stated in Surah al-Hajj:
۞ هَـٰذَانِ خَصْمَانِ ٱخْتَصَمُوا۟ فِى رَبِّهِمْ ۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ قُطِّعَتْ لَهُمْ ثِيَابٌۭ مِّن نَّارٍۢ يُصَبُّ مِن فَوْقِ رُءُوسِهِمُ ٱلْحَمِيمُ ١٩
These[1] are two adversaries who have disputed over their Lord. But those who disbelieved will have cut out for them garments of fire. Poured upon their heads will be scalding water
[1]i.e., the believers and the disbelievers.
يُصْهَرُ بِهِۦ مَا فِى بُطُونِهِمْ وَٱلْجُلُودُ ٢٠
By which is melted that within their bellies and [their] skins.
وَلَهُم مَّقَـٰمِعُ مِنْ حَدِيدٍۢ ٢١
And for [striking] them are maces of iron.
كُلَّمَآ أَرَادُوٓا۟ أَن يَخْرُجُوا۟ مِنْهَا مِنْ غَمٍّ أُعِيدُوا۟ فِيهَا وَذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابَ ٱلْحَرِيقِ ٢٢
Every time they want to get out of it [i.e., Hellfire] from anguish, they will be returned to it, and [it will be said], "Taste the punishment of the Burning Fire!"
[Al-Quran 22:19-22, Translation:Saheeh International]
Regarding The Quran, in Surah az-Zumar, it is stated:
ٱللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ ٱلْحَدِيثِ كِتَـٰبًۭا مُّتَشَـٰبِهًۭا مَّثَانِىَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُدَى ٱللَّهِ يَهْدِى بِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِنْ هَادٍ ٢٣
˹It is˺ Allah ˹Who˺ has sent down the best message—a Book of perfect consistency and repeated lessons—which causes the skin ˹and hearts˺ of those who fear their Lord to tremble, then their skin and hearts soften at the mention of ˹the mercy of˺ Allah. That is the guidance of Allah, through which He guides whoever He wills. But whoever Allah leaves to stray will be left with no guide.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
Allâh has sent down the Best Statement, a Book (this Qur’ân), its parts resembling each other (in goodness and truth) (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it (when they recite it or hear it). Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allâh. That is the guidance of Allâh. He Guides therewith whom He wills; and whomever Allâh sends astray, for him there is no guide.
— Al-Hilali & Khan
أَفَمَن يَتَّقِى بِوَجْهِهِۦ سُوٓءَ ٱلْعَذَابِ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۚ وَقِيلَ لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ ذُوقُوا۟ مَا كُنتُمْ تَكْسِبُونَ ٢٤
Are those who will only have their ˹bare˺ faces to shield themselves from the awful torment on Judgment Day ˹better than those in Paradise˺? It will ˹then˺ be said to the wrongdoers: “Reap what you sowed!”
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
Is he then, who will confront with his face the awful torment on the Day of Resurrection (as he who enters peacefully in Paradise)? And it will be said to the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers): "Taste what you used to earn!"
— Al-Hilali & Khan
[Al-Quran 39:23-24]
Regarding the Day of Judgement, it is foretold:
وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَآءُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ ١٩
˹Consider˺ the Day ˹when˺ the enemies of Allah will be gathered for the Fire, all driven in ranks.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
And (remember) the Day that the enemies of Allâh will be gathered to the Fire, then they will be driven [(to the Fire), former ones being withheld till their later ones will join them].
— Al-Hilali & Khan
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا مَا جَآءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَـٰرُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ ٢٠
When they reach it, their ears, eyes, and skin will testify against what they used to do.[1]
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
[1] It is reported in Ibn Kathîr’s commentary that, on the Day of Judgment, the wicked will deny the evil deeds in their records—as a desperate attempt to escape the horrible punishment in Hell. They will be asked if they accept Allah, the angels, or even their own families and neighbours as witnesses, but they will refuse. So Allah will make their organs testify against them.
Till, when they reach it (Hell-fire), their hearing (ears) and their eyes, and their skins will testify against them as to what they used to do.
— Al-Hilali & Khan
وَقَالُوا۟ لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ قَالُوٓا۟ أَنطَقَنَا ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍۢ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍۢ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ ٢١
They will ask their skin ˹furiously˺, “Why have you testified against us?” It will say, “We have been made to speak by Allah, Who causes all things to speak. He ˹is the One Who˺ created you the first time, and to Him you were bound to return.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
And they will say to their skins, "Why do you testify against us?" They will say: "Allâh has caused us to speak as He causes all things to speak: and He created you the first time, and to Him you are made to return."
— Al-Hilali & Khan
وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلَآ أَبْصَـٰرُكُمْ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن ظَنَنتُمْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَعْلَمُ كَثِيرًۭا مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ٢٢
You did not ˹bother to˺ hide yourselves from your ears, eyes, and skin to prevent them from testifying against you. Rather, you assumed that Allah did not know much of what you used to do.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
And you have not been hiding yourselves (in the world), lest your ears, and your eyes, and your skins should testify against you; but you thought that Allâh knew not much of what you were doing.
— Al-Hilali & Khan
وَذَٰلِكُمْ ظَنُّكُمُ ٱلَّذِى ظَنَنتُم بِرَبِّكُمْ أَرْدَىٰكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم مِّنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ ٢٣
It was that ˹false˺ assumption you entertained about your Lord that has brought about your doom, so you have become losers.”
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran
And that thought of yours which you thought about your Lord, has brought you to destruction; and you have become (this Day) of those utterly lost!
— Al-Hilali & Khan
[Al-Quran 41:19-23]
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DRAFT
From 'اَحۡسَنِ تَقۡوِيۡمٍ' , to 'اَسۡفَلَ سَافِلِيۡنَۙ' (Q95:4-5)?
The triliteral root ḥā sīn nūn (ح س ن) occurs 194 times in the Quran, in 12 derived forms.
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The triliteral root sīn fā lām (س ف ل) occurs 10 times in the Quran, in three derived forms:
six times as the nominal asfal (أَسْفَل)
once as the noun suf'lā (سُّفْلَىٰ)
three times as the active participle sāfil (سَافِل)
Screenshot from corpus.quran.com
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