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Joseph (12:4)
إِذْ قَالَ يُوسُفُ لِأَبِيهِ يَـٰٓأَبَتِ إِنِّى رَأَيْتُ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ كَوْكَبًۭا وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ لِى سَـٰجِدِينَ ٤
In Surah Yusuf, the young Yusuf relates his dream to his father. He is quoted saying that he saw eleven of something. The phrase to say eleven is (one (أَحَدَ))(ten (عَشَرَ)). The child is counting in tens.
This conversation is located in the ancient world, in Canaan, where Prophet Jacob (Yacoob عليه السلام) is living with his family.
According to the Bible, Joseph was born in Haran. At age six, he with his family moved to Canaan.
This was approximately four hundred years before the time of Moses (Musa عليه السلام).
When Moses (Musa عليه السلام) was called on the mountain to meet his Lord, the term appointed was thirty nights and ten more (Q7:142).
Fast forward to Muhammad ﷺ time:
When the believers were being urged to battle, they were told that if there were twenty sabiroon, they would overcome two hundred, and if there are one hundred sabiroon, they will overcome one thousand. (Q8:65). Two hundred is ten times twenty. One thousand is ten times one hundred.
The next ayat acknowledges the weakness in the believers, and lightens their burden. They are told that if there are one hundred sabiratun, they will overcome two hundred, and if there are one thousand, they will overcome two thousand. (Q8:66). One thousand is ten times one hundred. Two thousand is ten times two hundred.
The system of counting is consistently base Ten.
Allah ﷻ 's Deen has been consistent since He ﷻ ordained it. So, in Surah atTaubah, we read:
The Repentance (9:36)
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ ٱلشُّهُورِ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًۭا فِى كِتَـٰبِ ٱللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ مِنْهَآ أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌۭ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا۟ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَـٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ كَآفَّةًۭ كَمَا يُقَـٰتِلُونَكُمْ كَآفَّةًۭ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ ٣٦
The ayat is stating that the Day when Allah ﷻ created the skies and earth, the count of months He ﷻ ordained in His Book was twelve. The phrase to say twelve is (two (ٱثْنَا))(ten (عَشَرَ)). The counting is in tens.
base Ten clearly has an ancient history.
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