[Al-Quran 50:6-8] Have they not looked at the heaven above them - how We structured it and adorned it and how it has no rifts? And the earth - We spread it out and cast therein firmly set mountains and made grow therein [something] of every beautiful kind, Giving insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah].

Saturday, December 6, 2025

Emotional Capacity & Endurance


The Cow (2:286)


لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا ٱكْتَسَبَتْ ۗ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَآ إِن نَّسِينَآ أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَآ إِصْرًۭا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِۦ ۖ وَٱعْفُ عَنَّا وَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا وَٱرْحَمْنَآ ۚ أَنتَ مَوْلَىٰنَا فَٱنصُرْنَا عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ ٢٨٦


Allah does not require of any soul more than what it can afford. All good will be for its own benefit, and all evil will be to its own loss. ˹The believers pray,˺ “Our Lord! Do not punish us if we forget or make a mistake. Our Lord! Do not place a burden on us like the one you placed on those before us. Our Lord! Do not burden us with what we cannot bear. Pardon us, forgive us, and have mercy on us. You are our ˹only˺ Guardian. So grant us victory over the disbelieving people.”

— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran


Allah does not obligate anyone beyond his capacity. For him is what he has earned, and on him what he has incurred.“Our Lord, do not hold us accountable, if we forget or make a mistake, and, Our Lord, do not place on us such a burden as You have placed on those before us, and, Our Lord, do not make us bear a burden for which we have no strength. And pardon us, and grant us forgiveness, and have mercy on us. You are our Lord. So then help us against the disbelieving people.”

— T. Usmani


Allāh does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity. It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred. Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which You laid upon those before us. Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory over the disbelieving people."[1]

— Saheeh International

[1]- Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) concludes this sūrah by directing His servants how to supplicate Him, just as He taught them in Sūrah al-Fātiḥah how to praise Him and ask for guidance.


خدا کسی شخص کو اس کی طاقت سے زیادہ تکلیف نہیں دیتا۔ اچھے کام کرے گا تو اس کو ان کا فائدہ ملے گا برے کرے گا تو اسے ان کا نقصان پہنچے گا۔ اے پروردگار اگر ہم سے بھول یا چوک ہوگئی ہو تو ہم سے مؤاخذہ نہ کیجیو۔ اے پروردگار ہم پر ایسا بوجھ نہ ڈالیو جیسا تو نے ہم سے پہلے لوگوں پر ڈالا تھا۔ اے پروردگار جتنا بوجھ اٹھانے کی ہم میں طاقت نہیں اتنا ہمارے سر پر نہ رکھیو۔ اور (اے پروردگار) ہمارے گناہوں سے درگزر کر اور ہمیں بخش دے۔ اور ہم پر رحم فرما۔ تو ہی ہمارا مالک ہے اور ہم کو کافروں پر غالب فرما

— Fatah Muhammad Jalandhari


اللہ تعالیٰ کسی جان کو اس کی طاقت سے زیاده تکلیف نہیں دیتا، جو نیکی وه کرے وه اس کے لئے اور جو برائی وه کرے وه اس پر ہے، اے ہمارے رب! اگر ہم بھول گئے ہوں یا خطا کی ہو تو ہمیں نہ پکڑنا، اے ہمارے رب! ہم پر وه بوجھ نہ ڈال جو ہم سے پہلے لوگوں پر ڈاﻻ تھا، اے ہمارے رب! ہم پر وه بوجھ نہ ڈال جس کی ہمیں طاقت نہ ہو اور ہم سے درگزر فرما! اور ہمیں بخش دے اور ہم پر رحم کر! تو ہی ہمارا مالک ہے، ہمیں کافروں کی قوم پر غلبہ عطا فرما۔

— Maulana Muhammad Junagarhi


اللہ تعالیٰ نہیں ذمہ دار ٹھہرائے گا کسی جان کو مگر اس کی وسعت کے مطابق اسی جان کے لیے ہے جو اس نے کمایا اور اسی کے اوپر وبال بنے گا جو اس نے ُ برائی کمائی اے ہمارے ربّ ! ہم سے مؤاخذہ نہ فرمانا اگر ہم بھول جائیں یا ہم سے خطا ہوجائے اور اے رب ہمارے ! ہم پر ویسا بوجھ نہ ڈال جیسا تو نے ان لوگوں پر ڈالا تھا جو ہم سے پہلے تھے اور اے رب ہمارے ! ہم پر وہ بوجھ نہ ڈالنا جس کی ہم میں طاقت نہ ہو اور ہم سے درگزر فرماتا رہ ! اور ہمیں بخشتا رہ ! اور ہم پر رحم فرما تو ہمارا مولا ہے پس ہماری مدد فرما کافروں کے مقابلے میں

— بیان القرآن (ڈاکٹر اسرار احمد)


اللہ کسی پر ذمہ داری نہیں ڈالتا مگر اس کی طاقت کے مطابق اس کو ملے گا وہی جو اس نے کمایا اور اس پر پڑے گا وہی جو اس نے کیا اے ہمارے رب، ہم کو نہ پکڑاگر ہم بھولیں یا ہم غلطی کرجائیں  اے ہمارے رب، ہم پر بوجھ نہ ڈال جیسا بوجھ تو نے ڈالا تھا ہم سے اگلوں پر اے ہمارے رب، ہم سے وہ نہ اٹھوا جس کی طاقت ہم کو نہیں  اور درگزر کر ہم سے اور ہم کو بخش دے اورہم پر رحم کر تو ہمارا کار ساز ہے پس انکار کرنے والوں کے مقابل میں ہماری مدد کر

— Maulana Wahiduddin Khan

[https://quran.com/2/286]


Surah al-Baqarah begins with the statement that it is a guidance for the muttaqin (Q2:2 (هُدًى لِّلۡمُتَّقِيۡنَۙ‏)).

The last ayat of Surah al-Baqarah ((Q2:286) لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ) begins with the statement that no 'nafs' is 'كَلِّفُ' beyond its 'وُسْعَهَا'. 

The word 'nafs' (نَفْسًا) is variously translated. 

If we must translate the word  'nafs' (نَفْسًا), then I think it should be 'soul' in English, and 'نَفْس' in Urdu. The Hebrew word for 'nafs' is 'nephesh'. The study of the 'nafs' is called 'psychology' in English, and 'نفسیات' in Urdu. 

If we choose to not to translate it, and understand the term as it is used across The Quran, then it becomes clear that this is neither the 'body' nor the 'ruh', but, rather, it is that part of us that demands and desires, and whispers and suggests, enjoys and suffers, and when we are asleep, when it is taken away from us, by Allah, daily, we no longer experience the 'wants' that emotions are linked with. 

Emotion (فُؤَادُ) is the property of the heart (قَلْبِ) to feel (Q28:10, Q32:9, Q67:23). 

Thinking in terms of software and hardware, the body is the hardware, and the nafs is its perception software: when the nafs is installed, the ability to feel emotions, the ability to listen, the ability to see, the ability to taste, the ability of the skin to feel, that is, the programs that enable these faculties are activated. Device Pairing? 

When a person is awake, when its ability to perceive is switched on, when it is required to resist the temptation to react to its perceptions, and hold on to taqwa, endurance is required. Our 'nafs' is in pledge. 

People are tested in various ways: some are given plenty and tested, others are tested through meagre resources. It can be health, wealth, loss of lives, or some other test. 

The Quran makes it clear that each 'nafs' (نَفْسًا) is 'كَلِّفُ' according to the capacity it has. No matter what the 'كَلِّفُ' is, or how it is, each individual 'nafs' (نَفْسًا) has the capacity for it, and the ability to succeed. 

So, what does 'كَلِّفُ' mean? Literally, it translates to 'cost' in English, and 'لاگت' in Urdu. 

The third ayat of Surah al-Baqarah (Q2:3 (وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنٰهُمۡ يُنۡفِقُوۡنَۙ‏ ٣)) ends on the note that they spend from what 'rizq' they have been given. 

Secular psychology encourages achieving joy through accumulation of that which brings joy. 

The Quran states that the beautiful things that Allah has brought out, they are for the believers, so they should adorn themselves at the Masjid, and eat and drink, but not do israaf (Q7:31-32). 

In Surah al-Baqarah, on the question of how much should one spend on 'infaq', the response is whatever is beyond your needs (Q2:219-220 (... وَيَسۡـــَٔلُوۡنَكَ مَاذَا يُنۡفِقُوۡنَ  قُلِ الۡعَفۡوَ​ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَـكُمُ الۡاٰيٰتِ لَعَلَّکُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُوۡنَۙ‏ ٢١٩ فِى الدُّنۡيَا وَالۡاٰخِرَةِؕ ...)). 

So, while the believers may enjoy what Allah has blessed them with in this dunya, they must (تَتَفَكَّرُوۡنَۙ‏) regarding their dunya and their akhirah (فِى الدُّنۡيَا وَالۡاٰخِرَةِؕ), investing in their future life, wisely, according to the directives throughout the Quran on spending. 

The 'nafs' (نَفْسًا) wants to accumulate. 

Allah tests the 'nafs' (نَفْسًا) through various trials, yet 'لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا'

So, looking up 'يُكَلِّفُ' and 'وُسْعَهَا': 

يُكَلِّفُ

The triliteral root kāf lām fā (ك ل ف) occurs eight times in the Quran

Verb (form II) - to burden

(2:233:18) tukallafu is burdened لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(2:286:2) yukallifu burden لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(4:84:6) tukallafu are you responsible فَقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفْسَكَ

(6:152:17) nukallifu We burden لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(7:42:6) nukallifu We burden وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(23:62:2) nukallifu We burden وَلَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا وَلَدَيْنَا كِتَابٌ يَنْطِقُ بِالْحَقِّ

(65:7:15) yukallifu burden لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا

Active participle (form V)

(38:86:10) l-mutakalifīna the ones who pretend قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ



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وُسْعَهَا

The triliteral root wāw sīn ʿayn (و س ع) occurs 32 times in the Quran. The following is a part of the results: 

(24:22:6) wal-saʿati and the amplitude of means وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَىٰ

(65:7:3) saʿatin (of) ample means لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ

(65:7:5) saʿatihi his ample means لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ

Noun

(2:233:21) wus'ʿahā its capacity لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(2:286:6) wus'ʿahā its capacity لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(6:152:20) wus'ʿahā (to) its capacity وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(7:42:9) wus'ʿahā (to) its capacity وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا

(23:62:5) wus'ʿahā (to) its capacity وَلَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا وَلَدَيْنَا كِتَابٌ يَنْطِقُ بِالْحَقِّ

Active participle

(2:115:11) wāsiʿun (is) All-Encompassing فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

(2:247:42) wāsiʿun (is) All-Encompassing وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

(2:261:23) wāsiʿun (is) All-Encompassing وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

(2:268:12) wāsiʿun (is) All-Encompassing وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

(3:73:31) wāsiʿun (is) All-Encompassing قُلْ إِنَّ الْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

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We all have been given a 'nafs' (نَفْسًا), and along with it, we have all been given our 'rizq'. Each one of us is individually responsible for how we spend our rizq, on what, and with what intention. 

We need to learn to be responsible Muslims, who are of benefit to society. 

With Quran as our guide, we need to focus on the areas that need focussing, so that we are able to succeed in the final reckoning. 

May we all be blessed with the Gardens of the Hereafter, where every 'nafs' (نفس) will get what it desires, and the emotional state is true joy, bliss, and contentment. 




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