Mountains and Camels

Springs and Water Reservoirs 

تُسْقَىٰ مِنْ عَيْنٍ ءَانِيَةٍۢ ٥

...

فِيهَا عَيْنٌۭ جَارِيَةٌۭ ١٢

[https://quran.com/al-ghashiyah, ayat 5 and ayat 12]

Surah al-Ghashiyah mentions two kinds of springs: one عَيْنٍ ءَانِيَةٍۢ for drink for the people of hell; and the other عَيْنٌۭ جَارِيَةٌۭ flowing abundantly for the people of the Gardens of Bliss. The Surah then goes on to question in ayat 17: 

أَفَلَا يَنظُرُونَ إِلَى ٱلْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ ١٧

Do they not ever reflect on camels—how they were ˹masterfully˺ created; — Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran

Then do they not look at the camels - how they are created?— Saheeh International

Will they not regard the camels, how they are created?— English Translation (Pickthall)

Do they not look at the Camels, how they are made? — English Translation (Yusuf Ali) 

[https://quran.com/al-ghashiyah, ayat 17] 

Then the Surah draws attention to how the sky has been raised, and then to mountains: 

وَإِلَى ٱلْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ ١٩

and the mountains—how they were firmly set up;— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran

And at the mountains - how they are erected? — Saheeh International

And the hills, how they are set up? — English Translation (Pickthall)

And at the Mountains, how they are fixed firm? — English Translation (Yusuf Ali) 

[https://quran.com/al-ghashiyah, ayat 19] 

After the mountains, the next ayat draws attention to how the Earth has been spread out. 

A group of camels can be called a train, flock, herd or caravan of camels. To keep it simple, let’s just talk about a group of camels. Now, going back to Q88:17, the ayat asks why do they not look at the camels (الْإِبِلِ), how they are created.  

The people were already familiar with the animal called (الْإِبِلِ) as mentioned in Q6:144. 

Looking at a group of camels, standing or even better, sitting together, it is easy to notice the similarity with a range of mountains. Sitting, they resemble the small hills, and standing they represent the high mountains whose base is much above sea level.  

Mountains store much of the water that falls from the sky, be it rain, snow or hail. This water source is beneficial for humans not only living in mountains, but also downstream all the way that the rivers courses through to reach the sea. 

Camels also have the ability to consume and store vast amounts of water, which is used by the camels during long journeys through deserts. This makes the camel an ideal animal in such climatic conditions. 

Note: The Quran mentions the camel with specific words according to the subject matter. [https://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=Camel & https://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=Camels%20] 

At several places, The Quran relates the story of the Thamud to whom the pregnant she-camel (نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ) had been sent as a clear sign, and the water was to be shared between the Thamud and the she-camel. They were warned to not to harm her. The pregnant she-camel’s water consumption became an issue, and eventually she was harmed by them. The Thamud thus incurred the wrath of Allah upon themselves. 

The Quran also mentions the devolution of a particular kind of camel (الْجَمَلُ). For more on this please read: Until The Camel Passes Through The Eye Of The Needle

The Quran also uses three words for mountains: https://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=Mountains%20

Most of the times the word translated as mountains is (الْجِبَالُ). Surah al-Ghashiyah also is drawing attention to (الْجِبَالِ). 

The Quran informs us that when the promise comes, the mountains (الْجِبَالُ) will be crumbled, and will become like a heap of sand, and will be blown away like wool, and will pass away. 

Last updated on: July 11, 2023

The Blessing of Cattle

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍۢ جَعَلْنَا مَنسَكًۭا لِّيَذْكُرُوا۟ ٱسْمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُم مِّنۢ بَهِيمَةِ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ ۗ فَإِلَـٰهُكُمْ إِلَـٰهٌۭ وَٰحِدٌۭ فَلَهُۥٓ أَسْلِمُوا۟ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلْمُخْبِتِينَ ٣٤

[Translation: Dr Mustafa Khattab] For every community We appointed a rite of sacrifice so that they may pronounce the Name of Allah over the sacrificial animals He has provided for them. For your God is only One God, so submit yourselves to Him ˹alone˺. And give good news ˹O Prophet˺ to the humble: 

[Translation: Pickthall] And for every nation have We appointed a ritual, that they may mention the name of Allah over the beast of cattle that He hath given them for food; and your god is One God, therefor surrender unto Him. And give good tidings (O Muhammad) to the humble, 

[Al-Quran, Surah al-Hajj Ayat 34] 

The Quran informs us that all religions have been appointed rituals to celebrate the blessing of cattle. Though religious scriptures ordain animal sacrifice, presently Muslims and Hindus perform their ritual of cattle sacrifice. 

Among the Abrahamic religions, the Jews stopped offering sacrifice after their Temple of Solomon was destroyed completely. The Christians have absolved themselves of the Law.  

Muslim pilgrims offer the ritual sacrifice during the annual pilgrimage, the Hajj, to the Kaaba, the Ancient House. Many Muslims the world over also offer cattle sacrifice on the tenth of Dhu al Hijjah, which is the annual celebration called Eid al Adha. 

Cattle are assets, valuable possessions, containing many benefits and are a source of much wealth. 

Many human needs are provided through cattle: meat for food, and milk to drink and make yogurt, to extract butter, and cooking fat; hide and fur for clothing and shelter; their strength for tilling the land, carrying loads, riding upon, and so on and so forth. Even their dung is useful as manure, in cooling mud huts, and for making biogas. 

Cattle have been especially created for humans, and they have been subjugated to humans. 

Humans have been especially created to worship Allah ﷻ , and they have been granted the free-will to willingly submit to Him. 

While Allah ﷻ  provides so many benefit through cattle to humans, He expects gratitude in return. 

Allah ﷻ  has appointed rituals of cattle sacrifice for each nation. Humans are expected to sacrifice precious cattle on appointed days to eat and share, and especially feed those who cannot afford to purchase meat. 

Allah ﷻ  has ordained that Allah ﷻ  ’s name must be pronounced whenever slaughtering cattle, whether it be the annual ritual of sacrifice offerings or regular eating throughout the year. Also, it is not permitted to eat the meat of animals when Allah ﷻ  ’s name has not been pronounced while slaughtering, or if someone else’s name has been pronounced along with or instead of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎  

The triliteral root nūn ʿayn mīm (ن ع م) occurs 140 times in the Quran, in nine derived forms. Most of the words formed from this root are translated as good, excellent, bestowed, favour, grace, pleasant things, delight, bliss, joyful, and around thirty three times as cattle, as can be seen at https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nEm#(3:14:15), and 

• 33 times as the noun naʿam (نَّعَم) 

Noun

(3:14:15) wal-anʿāmi	and [the] cattle	وَالْقَنَاطِيرِ الْمُقَنْطَرَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَالْخَيْلِ الْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ
(4:119:6) l-anʿāmi	(of) the cattle	وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ آذَانَ الْأَنْعَامِ
(5:1:9) l-anʿāmi	(of) the grazing livestock	أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ
(5:95:18) l-naʿami	the cattle	وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ
(6:136:7) wal-anʿāmi	and the cattle	وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مِمَّا ذَرَأَ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ نَصِيبًا
(6:138:3) anʿāmun	(are) cattle	وَقَالُوا هَٰذِهِ أَنْعَامٌ وَحَرْثٌ حِجْرٌ لَا يَطْعَمُهَا إِلَّا مَنْ نَشَاءُ بِزَعْمِهِمْ
(6:138:12) wa-anʿāmun	And cattle	وَأَنْعَامٌ حُرِّمَتْ ظُهُورُهَا
(6:138:15) wa-anʿāmun	and cattle	وَأَنْعَامٌ لَا يَذْكُرُونَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا افْتِرَاءً عَلَيْهِ
(6:139:6) l-anʿāmi	cattle	وَقَالُوا مَا فِي بُطُونِ هَٰذِهِ الْأَنْعَامِ خَالِصَةٌ لِذُكُورِنَا
(6:142:2) l-anʿāmi	the cattle	وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ حَمُولَةً وَفَرْشًا
(7:179:24) kal-anʿāmi	(are) like cattle	أُولَٰئِكَ كَالْأَنْعَامِ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْغَافِلُونَ
(10:24:16) wal-anʿāmu	and the cattle	فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ وَالْأَنْعَامُ
(16:5:1) wal-anʿāma	And the cattle	وَالْأَنْعَامَ خَلَقَهَا لَكُمْ فِيهَا دِفْءٌ وَمَنَافِعُ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
(16:66:4) l-anʿāmi	the cattle	وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً
(16:80:11) l-anʿāmi	(of) the cattle	وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْأَنْعَامِ بُيُوتًا تَسْتَخِفُّونَهَا يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ
(20:54:3) anʿāmakum	your cattle	كُلُوا وَارْعَوْا أَنْعَامَكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي النُّهَىٰ
(22:28:15) l-anʿāmi	(of) cattle	وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ
(22:30:13) l-anʿāmu	the cattle	وَأُحِلَّتْ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامُ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ
(22:34:13) l-anʿāmi	(of) cattle	وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنْسَكًا لِيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ
(23:21:4) l-anʿāmi	the cattle	وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا
(25:44:11) kal-anʿāmi	like cattle	إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعَامِ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
(25:49:8) anʿāman	cattle	لِنُحْيِيَ بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا وَنُسْقِيَهُ مِمَّا خَلَقْنَا أَنْعَامًاوَأَنَاسِيَّ كَثِيرًا
(26:133:2) bi-anʿāmin	with cattle	أَمَدَّكُمْ بِأَنْعَامٍ وَبَنِينَ
(32:27:14) anʿāmuhum	their cattle	فَنُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعًا تَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ أَنْعَامُهُمْ وَأَنْفُسُهُمْ
(35:28:4) wal-anʿāmi	and the cattle	وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ كَذَٰلِكَ
(36:71:9) anʿāman	cattle	أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا أَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَالِكُونَ
(39:6:12) l-anʿāmi	the cattle	وَأَنْزَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ
(40:79:5) l-anʿāma	the cattle	اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامَ لِتَرْكَبُوا مِنْهَا وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
(42:11:10) l-anʿāmi	the cattle	جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ أَزْوَاجًا
(43:12:9) wal-anʿāmi	and the cattle	وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْفُلْكِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا تَرْكَبُونَ
(47:12:19) l-anʿāmu	the cattle	وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَتَمَتَّعُونَ وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْعَامُ
(79:33:3) wali-anʿāmikum	and for your cattle	مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ
(80:32:3) wali-anʿāmikum	and for your cattle	مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ

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No ilah but Allah لا إله إلا الله 

Forehead / جَبِين 

… 

… 

Last updated on: June 28, 2023

With Our Hands

Cattle and Robots 

 قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ

اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ

لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ

وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

Say, "He (is) Allah, the One.

Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute.

Not He begets and not He is begotten.

And not is for Him equivalent any [one]."

[Al-Quran 112]

There is no ilah except Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ , the one and only God. The Quran is very very clear on this. The Quran also mentions some creation tasks performed through others. 

In Surah Yasin we read: 

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُم مِّمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَآ أَنْعَـٰمًۭا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَـٰلِكُونَ ٧١ 

Do they not see that We singlehandedly created for them, among other things, cattle which are under their control? 

وَذَلَّلْنَـٰهَا لَهُمْ فَمِنْهَا رَكُوبُهُمْ وَمِنْهَا يَأْكُلُونَ ٧٢ 

And We have subjected these ˹animals˺ to them, so they may ride some and eat others.

وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مَنَـٰفِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۖ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ ٧٣

And they derive from them other benefits and drinks. Will they not then give thanks?

[ Al-Quran, Surah Yasin, ayaat 71-73]

Cattle have been especially created to provide for many needs of humans: carrying loads, tilling the land, milk and meat, material for clothing and tents, and so on. All that is expected in return is gratitude for this special blessing. 

Cattle have been created by those tasked with some creation tasks by Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎  ( kindly read explanation at the bottom of this post in the note titled: THE CREATOR  I and THE CREATORS WE ). 

Robots are being built by humans to assist in many tasks. 

Cattle are a carbon-based biological creation. 

Robots are silicone-based artificial invention. 

Cattle go through the cycle of life and death. 

Robots are manufactured, and thus do not have a biological lifecycle. 

Cattle mate to procreate their kind. 

Robots do not have the ability to procreate, at least, not yet. 

Cattle sleep and wake up. 

Robots can be switched on and switched off. 

… 

As humans advance technologically, more and more frontiers are being conquered. Humans have been granted the intellect to study and learn, and apply that knowledge. Adam عليه السلام and his progeny have been bestowed the responsibility of Khilafat. Their job is to rule with equitable justice, establish and uphold Allah ﷻ ’s Deen (legal system), and to remove oppression and corruption. We have to take care that Allah ﷻ ’s Deen is not violated by any of our technology. The power and the knowledge bestowed upon us is a trust (ٱلْأَمَانَةَ). We must always remember that our purpose is to humbly serve Allah ﷻ as we have been created to serve Allah ﷻ 

…

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The following is an excerpt from  Human: Body or Soul? 

THE CREATOR  I and THE CREATORS WE 

بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ

 أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُن لَّهُ صَاحِبَةٌ

 وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

Originator (of) the heavens and the earth. 

How can be for Him a son while not (there) is for Him a companion, 

and He created every thing? And He (is) of every thing All-Knower. 

[Al-Quran 6:101] 

The Quran uses various words to inform us that it is Allah who has conceived, designed, originated, created and increases in creation, governs, sustains; and it is Allah to whom the Kingdom of the heavens and earth belongs. Therefore, Allah is the only Deity (ilah) and He alone is worthy of worship. Everything else is created, and no matter how great a task any created being may be entrusted with, everyone and everything, except Allah, is created and is serving Allah. 

2:117 informs us that Allah is بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ

7:54 informs us that اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ 

35:1 informs us that الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ 

If we look at the usage of these words across the Quran, we find that 'badee' and 'fatara' are used exclusively as the acts of Allah, while 'khalaqa' is used for Allah and other beings. I think 'badee' means Inventor of creation, while 'fatara' means Separator of creation into individual units/beings.      

Quran search results: 

ba-dal-ayn http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=bdE

fa-ta-ra http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=fTr 

kha-lam-qaf http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=xlq 

Moreover, wherever the act of creation is referred to using the root letters [kha-lam-qaf], it seems to imply creating something from something: humans are created from 'teen', jinns are created from 'naar', and probably [kha-lam-qaf] implies and/or allows for creation after a set pattern. Even where Jesus' miraculous ability to create a bird from 'teen' is mentioned, the root [kha-lam-qaf] is used, and it is clearly mentioned that Jesus was able to do so by Allah's permission (Q3:49, Q5:110). 

I understand that in the grand governance of the heavens and earth, Allah has created some beings with mighty powers and entrusted some of the task of creation [kha-lam-qaf] to them. It seems that they are also entrusted with preparing the scriptures. However, Al-Quran 10:37 clarifies:

وَمَا كَانَ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنُ أَن يُفْتَرَىٰ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ

 وَلَٰكِن تَصْدِيقَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَتَفْصِيلَ الْكِتَابِ

 لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

And not is this the Quran, that (it could be) produced by other than Allah, 

but (it is) a confirmation (of that) which (was) before it and a detailed explanation (of) the Book,

 (there is) no doubt in it, from (the) Lord (of) the worlds. 

So, I infer that the acts of creation, and the preparation and revelation of the scriptures are all done under the instruction, guidance, supervision and control of Allah. Creation belongs to Allah and the scriptures are from Allah for our guidance. Al-Quran 2:252 states:

These (are the) ayaat (of) Allah, 

We recite them to you in [the] truth. 

And indeed, you (are) surely of the Messengers.  

Al-Quran 4:163-166 states: 

Indeed, We have revealed to you as We revealed to Nuh and the Prophets after him, and We revealed to Ibrahim and Ismail, and Ishaq and Yaqub, and the tribes, and Isa and Ayyub, and Yunus, and Harun and Sulaiman and We gave (to) Dawood the Zaboor.
And Messengers surely We (have) mentioned them to you before and Messengers not We (have) mentioned them to you. And Allah spoke (to) Musa (in a) conversation.
Messengers, bearers of glad tidings and warners, so that not there is for the mankind against Allah any argument after the Messengers. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
But Allah bears witness to what He (has) revealed to you. He has sent it down with His Knowledge and the Angels bear witness. And Allah is sufficient (as) a Witness.

However, that does not make these beings gods, nor do they ask to be taken as 'ilah' instead of Allah. Rather, they reiterate across the Quran that there is only one God (ilah). They do not make themselves known to us by their names or forms. In Al-Quran 37:164-166, they state:

وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَّعْلُومٌ

وَإِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الصَّافُّونَ

وَإِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الْمُسَبِّحُونَ

"And not among us except for him (is) a position known. 

And indeed, we surely, [we] stand in rows. 

And indeed, we surely, [we] glorify (Allah)." 

As for polytheism, it is stated very clearly in the Quran that those who the polytheists take as their gods are nothing but Jinns (dJinns or genies), and that the Jinns are not the creators, nor do they have any such power or ability to make them worthy of any deification, worship or obedience. 

In fact, in the story of Adam, whom Allah created Himself, the Quran is very clear that Adam was honoured because of the knowledge that Allah endowed him with, and those with lesser knowledge were asked to submit/prostrate to Adam. When Iblis was questioned why he didn't obey God, Allah is quoted thus: He said, [Al-Quran 38:75]

قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَن تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ

 أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ الْعَالِينَ

"O Iblis! What prevented you that you (should) prostrate to (one) whom I created with My Hands? Are you arrogant or are you of the exalted ones?"  

Surah al-Jinn is very clear about the condition of the Jinns, how the secrets of the heavens are protected and they prevented from it, and that whenever Allah sends any message through a chosen messenger, Allah ensures that the messenger and the messages are well-guarded, protected, brought and delivered.  

And Allah knows best. 

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Also consider the following excerpt from  The Creation & Emergence of Species: 

Jinns & Humans 

خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِن صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ

وَخَلَقَ الْجَانَّ مِن مَّارِجٍ مِّن نَّارٍ

He created the man from clay like the pottery.
And He created the jinn from a smokeless flame of fire.

[Al-Quran 55:14-15]

Based upon the ability of organisms to internally produce heat or depend upon external sources to regulate their body temperature, they are classified as endotherms and ectotherms: endotherms such as humans thermoregulate their body temperature; ectotherms, on the other hand, depend on their environment to heat or cool down their bodies, such as snakes and other reptiles. 

The Age of Reptiles

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ مِن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ

وَالْجَانَّ خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ مِن نَّارِ السَّمُومِ

And verily, We created humankind (out) of sounding clay from black mud altered.

And the jinn We created it before from fire scorching.

[Al-Quran 15:26-27] 

The Quran states that in this world the jinns were created before humans. Jinns, I understand, are Snakes, as discussed in detail in جَانٌّ (Snake || Jinn). According to fossil records, the reptiles appeared on the Earth much before the mammals.

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No ilah but Allah لا إله إلا الله 

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